Abstract: Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology, as a non-destructive, rapid and accurate detection technology, has been widely used in the detection of microbial contamination in animal foods. HIS integrates the advantages of image and spectral technology, and can simultaneously detect the physical and chemical characteristics of test samples. This review systematically introduces HSI technology and its research progress in the non-destructive detection of microbial contamination in animal derived food, points out that HSI technology can detect the species and quantity of target microorganisms in food, and puts forward the possible development direction of HIS in the future with the further development of optical technology and computer technology.