博爱县赤松茸营养成分、生物活性物质及重金属含量分析与评价

景炳年; 常霞; 魏磊; 谢晓阳; 周雍; 王志尧; 刘雨晴; 王伟

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021050090

博爱县赤松茸营养成分、生物活性物质及重金属含量分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutrient Components, Bioactive Substances and Heavy Metal Content of Stropharia rugosoannulata in Bo’ai County

摘要

摘要: 本文系统测定了博爱县赤松茸营养成分、生物活性物质及重金属含量，并对其营养价值进行分析和评价。以博爱县赤松茸为研究对象，采用国标和常规检查方法对其营养成分、矿物质元素、维生素、氨基酸组成、生物活性物质及重金属含量进行测定。结果表明，测试的博爱县赤松茸中水分、灰分、蛋白质、脂肪、粗纤维、碳水化合物、总糖、还原糖、多糖、总三萜含量分别为11.43%±0.15%、8.47%±0.15%、34.17%±3.17%、1.33%±0.25%、7.30%±0.30%、45.17%±3.75%、36.67±2.40%、3.53%±0.31%、13.18%±0.05%和1.420%±0.005%；该菌含有18种氨基酸，其中异亮氨酸高达6.32±0.42 mg/100 g，占氨基酸总量的33.54%±2.92%，8种人体所必需氨基酸含量达11.70±0.91 mg/100 g，E/T为61.94%，E/N为162.73%，要优于FAO/WHO提出的理想蛋白质模式；该菌的矿物元素种类多，含量丰富，含有Na、K、Mg、P、Ca等人体必需的常量元素以及Fe、Zn、Mn、Se、Cu等微量元素，常量元素的含量均在1000 mg/kg以上，硒的含量高达2.57±0.47 mg/kg；该菌富含维生素B₂、B₆、B₁₂、叶酸、烟酸、泛酸等6种B族维生素，尤其是烟酸含量高达392.053±17.200 mg/kg；该菌除总砷外，总铅、总汞和镉的含量均在国家食品安全标准限值范围内。博爱赤松茸是一种高蛋白、低脂肪、低纤维，氨基酸组成合理，富含丰富的矿物质元素和B族维生素，并含有水溶性多糖、三萜等生物活性物质，是食用和开发保健食品的良好原料。

Abstract: This study systematically determined the nutrient components, bioactive substances and heavy metal content of Stropharia rugosoannulata in Bo’ai County, and its nutritional value was analyzed and evaluated. The nutrient components, mineral elements, vitamins, amino acid composition, bioactive substances and heavy metal content of Stropharia rugosoannulata were determined using national standards and conventional inspection methods. The results showed that the contents of moisture, ash, protein, fat, crude fiber, carbohydrates, total sugars, reducing sugars, polysaccharides and total triterpenes in the tested Stropharia rugosoannulata were 11.43%±0.15%, 8.47%±0.15%, 34.17%±3.17%, 1.33%±0.25%, 7.30%±0.30%, 45.17%±3.75%, 36.67%±2.40%, 3.53%±0.31%, 13.18%±0.05% and 1.420%±0.005%, respectively. It contained 18 kinds of amino acids, of which isoleucine was as high as 6.32±0.42 mg/100 g, accounting for 33.54%±2.92% of the total amino acids, and the content of 8 essential amino acids for the human body was 11.70±0.91 mg/100 g. The E/T was 61.94% and the E/N was 162.73%, which were better than the ideal protein model proposed by FAO/WHO. It contained many kinds of mineral elements, and was rich in content including some constant elements necessary for the human body such as Na, K, Mg, P, Ca, etc. and some trace elements such as Fe, Zn, Mn, Se, Cu, etc. The content of the constant elements was more than 1000 mg/kg, and selenium as high as 2.57±0.47 mg/kg. It was rich in six group-B vitamins including B₂, B₆, B₁₂, folic acid, niacin, especially the content of niacin was as high as 392.053±17.200 mg/kg. The content of total lead, total mercury and cadmium were all within the limits range of national food safety standards except total arsenic. Bo'ai Stropharia rugosoannulata was a good raw material for eating and developing into health food, which was high in protein, low in fat and fiber, and rich in mineral elements and B-group vitamins, had a reasonable amino acid composition, and contained water-soluble polysaccharides, triterpenoids and other biologically active substances.

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