Abstract: Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring biopolymer possessing numerous functions within the body including wound repair, cell migration, and cell signaling. Due to its unique physical and chemical properties, it is widely used in health care products, cosmetics, and medicine.In 2021, hyaluronic acid is approved as a new resource food raw material in China, which has attracted widespread attention. Understanding its preparation, separation and purification methods is necessary to promote its industrial development.This article summarizes the physiological functions, preparation methods and preparation trends of HA from different sources, the effect of separation and purification method on HA purity, the application fields of hyaluronic acid, aiming to provide ideas for the development and comprehensive utilization of hyaluronic acid.