Abstract: The acorn shell is rich as a processing by-product of acorns. It has shown that the acorn shell contains multiple active ingredients and has important physiological functions, while the acorn shell extract has been listed in the food additive GB2760 list, and has good application prospects in the food field. The basic research of acorn shell has been reported, but a review of its main ingredients and their physiological functions and development and utilization has not been reported. Therefore, this paper reviews the preparation, analysis, physiological function of polyphenols, flavonoids, cellulose and tannins in acorn shell and the comprehensive development and utilization of the main components in the acorn shell in detail, so as to provide reference for the deep research and development of related products.