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中国精品科技期刊2020

不同品种葱品质性状的综合分析与评价

赵丽丽, 杨国栋, 贾俊香, 李娜, 蒋欣陶, 田云, 姜滨滨, 张荣风, 崔连伟

赵丽丽,杨国栋,贾俊香,等. 不同品种葱品质性状的综合分析与评价[J]. 食品工业科技,2021,42(12):253−261. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2020080131.
引用本文: 赵丽丽,杨国栋,贾俊香,等. 不同品种葱品质性状的综合分析与评价[J]. 食品工业科技,2021,42(12):253−261. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2020080131.
ZHAO Lili, YANG Guodong, JIA Junxiang, et al. Comprehensive Analysis and Evaluation of Welsh-Onion Quality Traits of Different Varieties[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2021, 42(12): 253−261. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/ j.issn1002-0306.2020080131.
Citation: ZHAO Lili, YANG Guodong, JIA Junxiang, et al. Comprehensive Analysis and Evaluation of Welsh-Onion Quality Traits of Different Varieties[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2021, 42(12): 253−261. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/ j.issn1002-0306.2020080131.

不同品种葱品质性状的综合分析与评价

基金项目: 辽宁省农业攻关及产业化项目(2020JH2/10200015);国家特色蔬菜产业技术体系大葱品种改良岗位项目(CARS-24-08);辽宁省大葱产业升级关键技术研究与示范(3211304)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    赵丽丽(1982−),女,博士,副研究员,主要从事蔬菜生理和栽培技术方面的研究,E-mail:lili82sheng@sina.com

    通讯作者:

    崔连伟(1971−),男,硕士,研究员,从事大葱遗传育种和栽培技术方面的研究,E-mail:lnclw7337@163.com

  • 中图分类号: TS201.4

Comprehensive Analysis and Evaluation of Welsh-Onion Quality Traits of Different Varieties

  • 摘要: 为了构建葱品质综合评价体系,筛选优良种质资源,本试验以42个品种葱为试材,采用变异分析、主成分分析、相关性分析和聚类分析的方法对品质性状指标进行观察、测定,最终筛选获得最优品种。结果表明:不同品种葱的品质性状存在一定差异,单株重与株高、葱白长度、葱白粗度、叶片长度和株幅在0.01水平上呈现显著相关,蜡粉与维生素C在0.01水平上显著相关。通过主成分分析提取10个主成分,累计贡献率达到81.2%,结合相关性分析,最终认为株高、葱白长度、葱白粗度、葱白硬度、叶片长度、叶片颜色、叶鞘颜色、蜡粉、假茎含水率、纤维素、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、香辛油、醇类物质这14个因子可以作为葱品质评价的指标,同时,综合排名得出‘辽葱7号’、‘辽葱12号’、‘万能叶葱’、‘五叶齐’和‘特级元藏大葱’五个品种得分较高。通过K值聚类分析得出大葱等级从高到低依次为C>B>D>A。本试验对不同品种葱品质综合分析,全面、客观地评价葱品种的优劣,为优良种质资源开发和品种推广提供科学的参考依据和指导意义。
    Abstract: Comprehensive evaluation system was established in order to provide technological support for screening and utilization of excellent welsh-onion (Allium Fistulosum L.) germplasm resources. Quality indicators of 42 varieties of trial welsh-onion were observed and determined. Data acquired was evaluated by means of variation analysis, principal component analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis, and finally the best variety was obtained. The results demonstrated that some quality traits differences were existed in different varieties of welsh-onion. The plant weight was appeared significant correlation with plant height, the length and coarseness of scallion stalk, blade length and plant width at 0.01 level. Wax powers were showed a significant correlation with Vitamin C at 0.01 level. By the component principal analysis, the cumulative contribution of variances of 10 principal components extracted was up to 81.2%. Together with correlation analysis, we finally considered 14 factors as quality evaluation indicators of welsh-onion, including the plant height, the length, coarseness and hardness of scallion stalk, the length and color of blade, leaf sheath color, wax, water rate of cauloid, cellulose, soluble sugar, free amino acids, ethereal oil and alcohols contents. Based on the comprehensive rankings, the five highest scores were in order as follows: ‘Liaocong No.7’, ‘Liaocong No.12’, ‘Wanneng Yecong’, ‘Wu Yeqi’ and ‘Teji Yuanzang’ Welsh-onion. Finally, the grade division obtained from K value cluster analysis was in sequence of C>B>D>A. This experiment comprehensively analyzed the quality of different welsh-onion varieties, comprehensively and objectively evaluated the quality of welsh-onion varieties, and provided scientific reference and guidance for the development of excellent germplasm resources and variety promotion.
  • 葱(Allium fistulosum L.)属于百合科(Liliaceae)葱属(Alilium),起源于中国西部和俄罗斯的西伯利亚,在中国已经有2000多年的栽培历史。作为一种重要的香辛和保健蔬菜,近些年,葱规模化、标准化、机械化生产模式正加速推进[1-2],葱产业化发展呈现出稳步增长的趋势,国内和国际市场对大葱产量和品质的要求也越来越高。我国大葱生产占全世界的90%,辽宁省栽培面积近55万亩[3],产量达到200多万吨,人均年消费量超过40 kg,基本可以满足本地需求量。

    目前,国内外关于葱属作物品质方面已经做了一些研究。高莉敏等[4]对3个中国类型和1个日本类型大葱进行营养品质方面的成分分析,结果发现,中国类型的鸡腿葱和分蘖大葱糖量较高,纤维含量较少,维生素C和蛋白质含量较高,适合鲜食,日本大葱含糖量二丙酮酸含量较高,适合熟食,得出不同类型间的葱品质差异很大。吴庆等[5]以红葱和普通白葱为研究对象,发现在6个品质指标中,紧实度与干物质率、总糖、蛋白质、香辛油含量具有显著的正相关性,同心红葱中除氨基酸外,其他指标均显著高于其他品种葱。方海田等[6]对葱属的挥发性成分比较分析发现,总含量最高的均为含硫化合物和醛类,酯类、杂环类和醇类物质次之,并推测不同属间特殊辛香气味可能是由于组分含量差异而造成的。

    利用主成分分析、聚类分析的方法对品质性状进行评价已经在黄瓜[7]、苹果[8]、杨梅[9]、桃[10]等作物上有所报道,但还未有同时应用几种方法对不同品种葱品质进行系统分析方面的研究。本试验对不同来源的42个葱品种、39个性状,运用主成分分析、相关性分析、聚类分析等方法,对品质性状进行综合分析和评价,来明晰不同品种间的差异性,为优良品种筛选提供科学的参考依据。

    本试验所用葱材料采自辽宁农业科学院蔬菜研究所实验基地,42个品种,采样时务必保证每个品种的材料植株整齐、无机械伤和病虫害,每批样品采完后立即运送到蔬菜所试验室进行取样。所测品种如表1所示;重铬酸钾、硝酸、硫代硫酸钠、氯化钡、硫酸铜、邻菲啰啉、碘酸钾、亚铁氰化钾、乙醇、正己烷、石油醚、甲苯、盐酸、硫酸铜、酒石酸钾钠、乙酸锌、冰乙酸国药集团化学试剂有限公司;邻苯二甲酸氢钾、丙酮、亚甲蓝、甲基红天津市化学试剂研究所有限公司;蒽酮、乙酸乙酯、硫酸、氢氧化钠 西陇科学股份有限公司;乙酸钠、亮氨酸、异丙醇、氰化钠、氯化钠、甲醛 湖北奥生新材料科技有限公司;碳酸氢钠、抗坏血酸、水合茚三酮、酚酞 天津市北辰方正试剂厂;牛血清蛋白、考马斯亮蓝G-250、磷酸、草酸、2,6-二氯酚靛酚、葡萄糖 天津市恒兴化学试剂制造有限公司;以上试剂均为分析纯。

    表  1  葱供试品种
    Table  1.  Tested varieties of welsh onions
    编号品种编号品种
    1辽葱1号22鳞棒葱
    2辽葱5号23上海汇合(日本)
    3辽葱7号24五叶长白(韩国)
    4辽葱8号25多蘖20
    5辽葱9号26韩文字-2
    6辽葱10号27盛远高白王
    7辽葱11号28武藏野种苗
    8辽葱12号29冀葱一号
    9东洋长帅-林芝30特级元藏大葱(日本)
    10寒将-林芝31河南新乡葱
    11万能叶葱-千叶县-阿云川32园艺小香葱
    12红皮葱-集贤县33秋宝
    13韩国大葱34保丰极晚抽
    14五叶齐35日本黑叶钢葱(日本)
    15全能小香葱36绿箭香葱
    16冬绿小香葱37韩新-1
    17四季小香葱38韩国春川
    18海阳葱39天光父本
    19牛腿葱40宝冠元藏大葱
    20韩文字-141天之川
    21巨葱王42天光一本
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    0~200 mm型游标卡尺 上海九量五金工具有限公司;JE502型分析天平 上海浦春计量仪器有限公司;CT3型质构分析仪 Brookfield工程实验室公司;JYL C020E型料理机 九阳股份有限公司;DHG-9053A型电热恒温鼓风干燥箱上海精宏实验设备厂;UV752N分光光度计 上海佑科仪器仪表有限公司;ThermoScientificTM6000i离心机 赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司;Vortex-Genie2旋涡混合器 北京开源国创科技有限公司;CR-410色差计 宏宇光电仪器有限公司;BrookField CT3型质构仪 上海柜谷科技发展有限公司;Thermo Trace GC Ultra-ITQ900气质联用仪、TRACE TR-5MS型色谱柱 赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司。

    外观品质性状的指标可直接测定,内在品质性状的指标需要先取样,再置于−20 ℃冰箱中保存待用。

    单株重采用百分之一电子天平测定。株高、葱白长度、叶片长度、株幅采用直尺测定。茎粗采用游标卡尺测定。叶片颜色、叶鞘颜色和叶面蜡粉采用色差仪测定(L*表示明暗度,a*表示红绿色,b*表示黄蓝色),以白板为标准背景,白板基础值L*=98.12,a*=1.02,b*=0.81。茎基部形状、单株叶数、叶片伸展角度、叶出孔闭合程度、叶片挺直度、葱白紧实度、分蘖性状调查参考国家农作物种质资源平台中的“葱种质资源描述规范”来完成。

    葱白硬度采用CT3型质构分析仪测定,质构剖面分析(Texture profile analysis,TPA)及穿刺检测,测定部位为茎基部向上3 cm处的位置。参数设置参考刘莉等[11]的试验参数,并稍作调整。探头采用TA9/1000(直径20 mm)探头,测试前速度为2 mm/s,测试速度为1 mm/s,测试后速度0.5 mm/s,两次循环,循环间可恢复时间3 s,下压距离为2 mm,触发力为0.75 N,数据频率10 点/s。每个样品重复 5次。

    含水率的测定:采用烘干法测量并计算,取样部位为葱白和假茎,含水率(%)=(单株鲜重−单株干重)/单株鲜重×100%。

    以下内在品质指标测定的取样部位为葱白部分。

    可溶性糖的测定采用蒽酮比色法[11],利用分光光度计在波长630 nm处测定吸光度值并计算。

    特征性挥发物质的测定采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用仪(SPME-GC-MS)测定[6,12],将获得的物质通过质谱库进行比对、分析成分并计算含量。

    维生素C 的测定利用分光光度计在波长534 nm处测吸光度值并计算[13]

    可溶性蛋白的测定采用考马斯亮蓝G-250方法[14],利用分光光度计在波长595 nm处测定吸光度值并计算蛋白质含量。

    游离氨基酸的测定采用茚三酮比色法[15],利用分光光度计在波长570 nm处测定吸光度值并计算。

    香辛油的测定以石油醚为溶剂,采用索氏提取法测定[16]

    纤维素的测定采用酸碱洗涤法,然后利用Tecator分析仪测定[17-18]

    运用Microsoft Excel2010软件进行数据处理,IBM SPSS Statistics22软件进行方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析和相关性分析,Origin2.0软件作图。

    对叶片伸展度、叶片挺直度、叶出孔闭合度、假茎基部形状、葱白紧实度和分蘖有无这些性状进行观察,结果如表2所示,19个品种的叶片伸展度小于30°,其余品种叶片伸展度在30°~60°之间。31个品种的叶片呈挺直状态,其他品种呈下垂和半下垂状。叶出孔呈现半闭合的品种占总品种数量的1/2,全闭合品种为17个,不闭合的品种最少。假茎基部为直筒状的品种有24个,近纺锤形的品种为6个,鸡腿状有12个。葱白紧实度以紧实品种为主。绝大多数品种是有分蘖的。

    表  2  葱外观品质质量性状
    Table  2.  Survey of appearance quality traits of welsh-onions
    品种
    编号
    叶片
    伸展度
    叶片
    挺直度
    叶出孔
    闭合度
    假茎基
    部形状
    葱白
    紧实度
    分蘖
    有无
    品种
    编号
    叶片
    伸展度
    叶片
    挺直度
    叶出孔
    闭合度
    假茎基
    部形状
    葱白
    紧实度
    分蘖
    130°~60°挺直半闭合直筒紧实22<30°下垂半闭合圆筒疏松
    230°~60°挺直半闭合直筒疏松2330°~60°挺直全闭合圆筒紧实
    3<30°下垂不闭合直筒疏松24<30°挺直全闭合鸡腿状紧实
    4<30°挺直半闭合直筒紧实25<30°全闭合不闭合近纺锤疏松
    5<30°挺直不闭合直筒疏松2630°~60°挺直全闭合鸡腿状紧实
    630°~60°挺直半闭合鸡腿状紧实27<30°挺直半闭合圆筒疏松
    730°~60°挺直半闭合直筒紧实2830°~60°挺直全闭合鸡腿状紧实
    830°~60°半下垂半闭合鸡腿状疏松29<30°挺直全闭合圆筒紧实
    9<30°下垂半闭合直筒疏松30<30°挺直全闭合圆筒紧实
    1030°~60°挺直半闭合鸡腿状紧实3130°~60°挺直全闭合圆筒紧实
    11<30°半下垂半闭合直筒紧实32<30°下垂半闭合鸡腿状疏松
    1230°~60°半下垂半闭合近纺锤紧实3330°~60°挺直全闭合鸡腿状疏松
    1330°~60°挺直半闭合直筒紧实3430°~60°挺直全闭合鸡腿状紧实
    14<30°半下垂半闭合直筒紧实3530°~60°挺直全闭合近纺锤紧实
    1530°~60°挺直半闭合直筒紧实3630°~60°挺直半闭合近纺锤疏松
    16<30°挺直全闭合直筒紧实3730°~60°挺直半闭合鸡腿状疏松
    17<30°下垂不闭合鸡腿状疏松3830°~60°挺直全闭合圆筒疏松
    18<30°挺直半闭合直筒疏松39<30°挺直半闭合鸡腿状疏松
    1930°~60°挺直全闭合直筒疏松40<30°挺直全闭合圆筒紧实
    2030°~60°挺直全闭合直筒紧实4130°~60°挺直全闭合近纺锤紧实
    21<30°半下垂半/不闭合直筒疏松4230°~60°挺直全闭合近纺锤紧实
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    对42份葱材料的19个外观品质数量性状进行统计分析,如表3所示,不同品种中各指标间存在丰富变异,表现出不同程度多样性。单株重、株高、叶片长度整体都较高,其中韩文字−1单株重高达530 g、辽葱9号株高119.33 cm、辽葱8号叶片长73.67 cm,而日本黑叶钢葱单株重最低,仅为70 g,保丰极晚抽株高和叶片长为64和40 cm。假茎和叶片含水量整体水平低,在0.58%~0.97%范围内。韩文字−1葱白较粗,达到1.47 cm,盛远高白王葱白较硬,达到17.38。五叶齐叶片和上海汇合叶鞘颜色较浅、偏黄绿,韩文字−1葱叶L值最低,蜡粉最多,而辽葱1和海阳葱最少。变幅最大的排在前5名分别为株高、葱白长度、叶片长度、株幅、叶片色度,最小的分别为假茎含水量、单株重、叶片含水量、蜡粉度、葱白粗度。通过变异系数分析可以得出葱外观品质数量性状变异程度较大的前5名分别为单株叶片数、叶片色度、单株重、葱白长度、株幅。

    表  3  葱外观品质数量性状分布
    Table  3.  Distribution of quantitative traits of external quality of welsh-onions
    品种
    编号
    单株
    重(g)
    假茎含
    水率(%)
    叶片含
    水率(%)
    株高
    (cm)
    葱白
    长度(cm)
    葱白
    粗度(cm)
    葱白
    硬度
    叶片
    长度(cm)
    单株叶
    片数(片)
    株幅
    (cm)
    叶片
    色度a*
    叶片
    色度b*
    叶片
    色度L*
    叶鞘
    色度a*
    叶鞘
    色度b*
    叶鞘
    色度L*
    蜡粉
    a
    蜡粉
    b
    蜡粉
    L
    12400.750.859841.331.098.0052.33720.6730.23−9.167.9552.52−13.8019.0633.06−1.231.01
    24200.870.87117.6747.001.339.8972.00725.0029.13−8.317.3356.27−16.0623.0530.97−1.150.61
    34400.810.85135.6754.331.2110.0482.0923.6730.45−7.607.1851.56−17.9325.2731.40−1.160.90
    44900.810.9311744.671.179.2273.67822.6734.31−7.786.5051.58−16.4321.7433.55−1.280.55
    54100.870.87119.3353.671.227.8563.00818.0034.93−7.496.2156.22−15.1922.6231.95−1.160.76
    62200.860.8692.6739.330.869.8952.3387.3331.51−7.495.5044.85−12.2113.4432.03−1.150.80
    72500.810.859645.330.9511.0352.33814.0034.21−8.658.1246.47−14.1617.4227.13−0.930.78
    82300.930.5810751.330.958.3554.33718.0029.46−7.346.2347.26−16.2720.7235.43−1.440.92
    91500.920.7978.3323.000.959.5959.001417.0034.27−8.547.2557.88−15.4922.8133.33−1.260.99
    102800.870.878330.001.0010.1654.67822.0035.25−6.865.1950.25−14.5621.7933.41−1.350.92
    111700.910.9778.6724.331.057.7153.671915.5035.63−8.949.2653.51−16.5724.2535.68−1.210.73
    122100.80.8677.6730.001.0311.4146.001021.3337.90−6.943.6148.30−14.1618.5234.41−1.390.78
    133100.870.8781.3330.331.0415.9152.001025.0031.71−5.973.6554.12−15.4923.5631.83−1.220.79
    142400.870.9110447.670.9010.3158.67617.3341.11−10.9710.3655.35−14.7620.8233.00−1.250.77
    153500.880.8782.3332.001.1013.8851.671123.0032.21−7.165.9447.33−14.8220.3634.24−1.460.54
    162300.880.857725.001.339.6953.67931.6735.27−9.669.1843.41−10.2412.0031.93−1.150.93
    172900.840.8891.6741.001.169.5750.67819.6733.10−7.396.7457.09−16.9324.7631.33−1.110.62
    181600.870.8582.523.331.068.9049.00812.0032.44−7.456.6251.61−16.4422.5332.69−1.201.02
    192700.890.887530.671.049.7943.33919.5033.05−6.184.3655.62−13.2722.5434.81−1.440.47
    205300.870.8511649.001.478.4461.67823.0030.00−7.105.5046.79−15.3818.6835.51−1.610.28
    213200.810.8711946.001.239.0472.00720.3330.53−7.005.9649.24−15.2320.3932.64−1.180.75
    221800.870.8785.3332.670.7911.8852.67714.0035.01−7.226.4451.04−14.5020.5632.03−1.180.62
    231300.830.8774.3329.670.689.3044.67621.6732.57−7.364.8558.24−16.6224.0232.66−1.280.58
    241100.840.8766.0011.330.865.9450.331615.7533.6−7.565.9257.52−11.7918.5832.71−1.240.73
    251250.880.8564.6724.000.9111.1640.3376.1733.71−7.486.4844.89−12.9716.3533.82−1.330.81
    262100.870.8794.3343.001.177.3652.00720.0034.43−7.716.5950.19−16.4721.7531.71−1.160.83
    273700.850.8774.3331.000.9017.3844.33920.8335.45−6.954.5556.61−14.8722.9231.96−1.250.64
    281900.750.7889.0042.331.429.3249.00610.6733.07−7.165.7849.60−17.6622.8531.91−1.160.87
    293800.820.8482.6732.000.9515.6749.00823.0034.59−6.974.8453.16−15.1423.3632.73−1.250.72
    302500.890.8985.6730.671.2513.4154.67720.1756.61−14.8722.9254.31−15.1222.0432.37−1.290.74
    311200.860.8671.0019.670.677.6153.672010.1736.34−10.3010.1054.20−15.0721.7329.79−1.040.72
    321300.880.8771.6729.000.8810.3643.67718.8334.89−5.872.9451.05−15.9321.6131.51−1.190.73
    331600.870.9575.0027.000.697.8845.00919.0032.49−7.406.2153.94−15.7123.1033.61−1.320.55
    341300.860.8664.0031.330.579.9440.00619.1733.64−8.025.7653.37−11.5418.9033.12−1.330.76
    35700.890.8869.6729.000.728.0943.00515.0031.97−6.173.9042.06−12.9716.4533.25−1.280.73
    361400.880.8772.0030.330.639.9244.0075.0034.89−5.872.9447.68−15.5219.6934.88−1.400.85
    27800.760.8466.3326.330.8011.0142.33714.0033.54−6.986.3950.42−17.0123.5732.52−1.180.76
    381800.890.8883.0031.001.3510.6648.33821.3331.55−5.814.1450.09−14.8320.7434.29−1.460.57
    392900.890.8975.0025.330.9011.8550.33921.0033.74−7.346.1045.26−14.9918.4034.41−1.330.93
    402300.880.8783.0031.000.8210.8950.33918.3334.68−8.257.6757.46−15.8822.3234.02−1.380.87
    411800.830.87100.3336.000.829.3260.00815.3334.97−8.707.6147.60−15.0018.2630.97−1.150.61
    421500.850.8990.3333.671.098.0056.67719.0033.89−7.555.9045.21−14.0918.9931.44−1.340.65
    平均值2400.860.8687.3234.181.0010.1352.918.4318.2234.1−7.756.5951.22−14.9820.7732.76−1.260.74
    总值991035.9336.223667.51435.742.01425.62222.3354765.11432.3−325.52276.72151.1−629.07872.51376−52.8731.19
    变幅70~
    530
    0.75~
    0.93
    0.58~
    0.97
    64.11~
    135.67
    11.33~
    54.33
    0.57~
    1.47
    5.94~
    17.38
    40~825~205~
    31.67
    29.13~
    56.61
    −14.87~
    −5.81
    2.94~
    22.92
    42.06~
    58.24
    −17.93~
    −10.24
    12~
    25.27
    27.13~
    35.68
    −1.61~
    −0.93
    0.28~
    1.02
    变异系数0.450.050.060.20.290.220.230.171.790.290.12−0.20.470.09−0.110.140.05−0.10.21
    下载: 导出CSV 
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    同理,对10个内在品质性状进行统计分析结果见表4,二丙基二硫、纤维素和杂环类物质的相对含量较高,其中二丙基二硫的均值、总值和变幅都达到最高水平,“万能叶葱”中二丙基二硫含量最高,达到93.54%,高出同心红葱的3倍多[6],含硫化合物能原生的、浓郁的辛香味,稍带有硫磺的气味,对洋葱、大蒜风味贡献很大[19]。纤维素参与人体葡萄糖转运,对消化其重要作用[20],而且含量与植株的抗倒伏性是成正相关的,本研究中,辽葱9号纤维素含量最高,达到20.89%。这些品种中所含的可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸和香辛油相对含量较其他性状低,香辛油也是决定葱等辛辣作物风味的特征性物质[21],但是本试验中所测含量并不高。可溶性糖与含水率与耐贮藏性密切相关[22-24],由于存在取样部位的差异,本试验中二者并未成正相关。二丙基二硫和杂环类物质的标准差、变异系数也分别为最高水平,说明不同品种葱中所含的这两类物质含量之间存在很大差异,而其他物质含量在品种间的差异较小。

    表  4  葱内在品质数量性状分布
    Table  4.  Distribution of quantitative traits of internal quality of welsh-onions
    品种编号可溶性糖
    (%)
    维生素C(mg/100 g)可溶性蛋白(mg/100 g)纤维素(%)游离氨基酸(g/100 g)香辛油
    (g/100 g)
    二丙基二硫(%)醇类(%)醛类(%)杂环类(%)
    117.877.010.1714.250.370.5230.7340.3521.247.69
    216.572.470.2015.450.350.626.710.947.5684.78
    314.873.450.1815.970.390.3842.2616.8617.2123.67
    416.073.000.1615.310.420.4433.2914.0012.8319.95
    513.431.980.2520.890.350.4863.4923.983.399.14
    617.303.960.3214.060.530.5169.8110.50019.70
    714.035.610.1621.70.380.3820.003.561.4674.98
    813.934.970.1917.70.400.4922.8017.0250.449.73
    918.514.080.3127.370.210.3943.6718.9318.2811.11
    1014.882.350.1315.900.370.3671.777.7810.3310.13
    1116.173.930.1616.460.440.3293.540.450.925.09
    1219.171.900.2017.400.410.2863.8615.685.3815.07
    1311.722.660.0616.460.530.2674.058.206.7810.97
    1417.593.250.0916.300.410.5178.6313.4207.95
    1514.222.380.0616.060.390.3460.0911.0922.126.7
    1618.591.420.1417.270.400.3656.2517.6319.946.18
    1714.361.640.0617.590.260.3063.668.6321.366.35
    1816.834.580.0517.570.210.3953.702.5032.7211.08
    1911.331.300.1417.350.190.5440.0115.0029.3815.60
    2017.201.400.2717.430.250.5358.5927.634.978.80
    2117.741.810.2518.700.260.496.590.304.7388.37
    2214.932.010.3217.520.420.6122.922.794.1570.13
    2316.912.460.1917.910.400.4282.1511.321.914.62
    2416.391.160.2218.370.510.3967.2919.325.707.68
    2514.561.550.1615.570.390.2850.452.1939.487.87
    2616.061.380.1415.680.440.4148.4815.2323.8512.44
    2713.441.670.2115.670.290.3167.381.400.3030.91
    2817.261.560.1815.090.270.2875.858.854.4810.82
    2912.141.300.4516.370.180.5235.1741.948.8214.06
    3011.911.170.4815.390.320.5340.8215.1239.264.80
    3116.461.830.6414.950.380.4487.962.232.407.41
    3214.161.750.4717.250.320.3183.008.303.045.65
    3317.132.540.4814.720.190.2750.7311.5530.557.17
    3415.171.560.5116.020.510.2171.7410.227.6910.35
    3511.002.050.4814.800.450.5391.890.531.855.63
    3611.192.440.4716.130.400.3385.368.261.105.28
    3711.342.030.4615.570.290.4474.052.2217.056.68
    3810.452.790.5216.330.410.3185.973.403.487.15
    3912.842.240.1515.610.550.4368.9912.3716.032.61
    4010.372.670.1916.220.190.5750.828.5438.432.21
    4114.812.270.2315.220.390.4667.0116.569.027.41
    4216.922.000.1214.590.300.3466.8217.3210.015.85
    平均值14.952.510.2516.720.360.4157.8211.6213.3216.42
    总值628.82105.5810.62702.1715.1217.282428.35476.48559.64689.77
    变幅10.37~19.171.16~7.010.05~0.6414.06~27.370.18~0.550.21~0.626.59~93.540.30~40.350~50.442.21~88.37
    变异系数0.160.510.60.140.280.240.390.830.981.31
    下载: 导出CSV 
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    表5反映了不同品种葱品质性状的相关性。单株重与株高、葱白长度、葱白粗度、叶片长度和株幅这些指标彼此之间在0.01水平上呈现显著相关,与前人研究结果相一致[4],蜡粉与维生素C在0.01水平上显著相关,香辛油、乙醇、环类物质含量与干物质和可溶性固形物糖含量表现出显著性相关,这与前人研究结果也是相同的[22]结合其他成分,说明这些指标对葱品质形成具有重要意义。不同指标彼此间具有一定程度的相关性,但是反映的信息具有重叠,因此有必要对29个指标进行分类并简化来提高综合评价的效率,同时有利于提高统计信息的准确性。

    表  5  葱品质指标间的相关性分析
    Table  5.  Correlation analysis of quality indexes of welsh-onions
    指标单株重假茎
    含水率
    叶片
    含水率
    株高葱白
    长度
    葱白
    粗度
    葱白
    硬度
    叶片
    长度
    单株
    叶片数
    株幅叶片
    色度a*
    叶片
    色度b*
    叶片
    色度L*
    叶鞘
    色度a*
    叶鞘
    色度b*
    叶鞘
    色度L*
    蜡粉
    a*
    蜡粉
    b*
    蜡粉
    L*
    可溶
    性糖
    维生
    素C
    可溶性
    蛋白
    纤维素游离
    氨基酸
    香辛油二丙
    基二硫
    醇类醛类杂环类
    单株重1
    假茎
    含水率
    −0.0891
    叶片
    含水率
    0.044−0.0421
    株高0.722**−0.190−0.1281
    葱白
    长度
    0.633**−0.225−0.2480.886**1
    葱白
    粗度
    0.597**−0.120−0.0590.583**0.468**1
    葱白
    硬度
    0.290−0.0050.018−0.177−0.081−0.0201
    叶片
    长度
    0.654**−0.1100.0180.884**0.611**0.523**−0.1831
    单株
    叶片数
    −0.1460.1710.142−0.186−0.414**−0.107−0.325*0.0681
    株幅0.543**0.0160.0880.2890.1970.459**0.2320.344*−0.1681
    叶片
    色度a
    −0.1190.1340.245−0.185−0.198−0.0200.252−0.0970.084−0.0371
    叶片
    色度b*
    0.008−0.053−0.106−0.118−0.015−0.1030.041−0.230−0.244−0.049−0.743**1
    叶片
    色度L*
    0.0230.0940.1010.1310.0170.1930.0100.2340.1910.0430.774**−0.957**1
    叶鞘
    色度a*
    0.105−0.0030.167−0.001−0.073−0.0840.0610.0710.2190.1600.167−0.1900.1661
    叶鞘
    色度b*
    −0.2370.1760.085−0.373*−0.347*−0.201−0.028−0.308*0.0460.0170.064−0.088−0.013−0.315*1
    叶鞘
    色度L*
    0.207−0.0800.0680.1580.1210.0730.1440.1700.0620.1430.0370.0570.0350.722**−0.802**1
    蜡粉a*0.0330.366*−0.055−0.154−0.1530.012−0.056−0.1880.0770.054−0.0800.232−0.187−0.0570.0000.0231
    蜡粉b*−0.131−0.358*0.1010.1220.080−0.061−0.0800.2000.108−0.1790.056−0.2610.2140.122−0.0840.045−0.844**1
    蜡粉L*−0.300−0.047−0.359*−0.092−0.106−0.105−0.052−0.030−0.009−0.1860.053−0.1540.113−0.1010.031−0.116−0.0940.315*1
    可溶
    性糖
    0.019−0.2290.0010.2330.0970.194−0.421**0.309*0.2630.084−0.120−0.2240.059−0.0160.105−0.205−0.1120.2020.1021
    维生
    素C
    −0.015−0.091−0.2450.2710.253−0.040−0.1640.1760.024−0.131−0.264−0.0960.038−0.040−0.129−0.027−0.0510.1730.433**0.1841
    可溶性
    蛋白
    −0.350*0.0660.037−0.323*−0.264−0.392*−0.035−0.2670.153−0.2700.206−0.0600.081−0.0010.098−0.029−0.020−0.018−0.146−0.272−0.2351
    纤维素0.0200.213−0.2580.0670.0060.067−0.0670.1340.2050.038−0.0320.022−0.0410.280−0.0270.112−0.0920.1210.1570.1520.177−0.1031
    游离
    氨基酸
    −0.1390.1000.068−0.080−0.053−0.197−0.048−0.009−0.042−0.050−0.021−0.004−0.058−0.310*0.349*−0.426**−0.0280.1040.1510.0180.083−0.047−0.2311
    香辛油0.2690.054−0.1010.404**0.313*0.085−0.1000.360*−0.0400.0390.061−0.2690.2820.074−0.011−0.041−0.0050.022−0.116−0.1000.1090.043−0.010−0.1541
    二丙
    基二硫
    −0.443**0.1260.276−0.519**−0.435**−0.311*−0.065−0.472**0.160−0.2500.1080.155−0.202−0.0570.050−0.0340.165−0.123−0.035−0.159−0.2440.232−0.2400.300−0.463**1
    醇类0.331*−0.206−0.1810.2510.2230.202−0.0520.151−0.0370.339*0.015−0.1320.0540.0770.121−0.0610.149−0.2130.0460.1710.112−0.0680.081−0.1510.217−0.2061
    醛类−0.0330.255−0.365*−0.026−0.0390.082−0.022−0.084−0.0700.0630.123−0.2320.340*0.011−0.0940.0840.280−0.2710.243−0.1540.121−0.200−0.035−0.326*0.089−0.398**0.1321
    杂环类0.292−0.184−0.0040.413**0.365*0.1710.1150.420**−0.1210.057−0.1940.041−0.0190.003−0.025−0.003−0.422**0.390*−0.1170.1600.112−0.0810.207−0.0500.329*−0.682**−0.318*−0.2491
    注:*表示显著相关(P<0.05)。**表示在极显著相关(P<0.01)。
    下载: 导出CSV 
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    对葱品质的数量性状进行主成分分析结果见表6图1所示,前10个主成分的特征值均大于1,累计方差贡献率达到81.2 %,这些主成分可反映原始变量的大部分信息,从而起到降维的作用。主成分1的贡献率为18.67%,代表指标为株高、葱白长度和叶片长度。主成分2方差贡献率为10.98%,代表指标为叶片颜色。主成分3代表指标为假茎含水率和蜡粉,主成分4代表指标为叶鞘颜色,主成分5代表指标为叶片含水率和维生素C。主成分6代表指标为可溶性糖和葱白硬度,主成分7代表性指标为游离氨基酸和二丙基二硫,主成分8代表性指标为可溶性蛋白和香辛油含量,主成分9代表性指标为纤维素,主成分10的方差贡献率最小,仅为3.65%,代表指标为醇类物质。结合相关性分析(表5),株高、葱白长度、葱白粗度、叶片长度、叶片颜色、叶鞘颜色、蜡粉、假茎含水率、纤维素、葱白硬度、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、香辛油、醇类物质这14个因子可以认为是葱品质的评价指标。其中前4个因子可定义为植株大小因子,5~7定义为叶色因子,8~10定义为质地因子,11~14定义为风味因子。

    表  6  葱品质数量性状主成分分析结果
    Table  6.  Principal component analysis result of quantitative traits for welsh-onions
    指标
    主成分
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
    单株重 0.785 −0.036 0.089 0.120 −0.225 −0.239 −0.008 0.240 0.096 0.216
    假茎含水率 −0.078 0.181 0.658 −0.122 0.020 −0.061 0.120 −0.071 0.406 −0.384
    叶片含水率 −0.082 0.188 −0.132 0.085 −0.646 0.096 0.340 0.082 −0.056 −0.092
    株高 0.949 −0.007 −0.092 0.123 0.111 0.113 −0.016 0.078 −0.067 0.062
    葱白长度 0.844 −0.118 −0.106 0.095 0.184 −0.076 −0.027 −0.002 −0.209 0.079
    葱白粗度 0.580 0.095 0.059 0.020 −0.142 0.051 −0.193 0.523 −0.094 0.083
    葱白硬度 −0.079 0.078 −0.066 0.061 −0.138 −0.854 0.002 0.131 0.104 0.027
    叶片长度 0.851 0.129 −0.122 0.116 0.006 0.221 0.082 0.137 0.121 −0.013
    单株叶片数 −0.206 0.215 0.078 0.123 −0.130 0.635 0.108 −0.063 0.390 −0.047
    株幅 0.361 0.055 0.125 −0.007 −0.277 −0.269 −0.002 0.459 0.228 0.376
    叶片颜色a* −0.181 0.864 −0.008 0.049 −0.154 −0.179 0.041 −0.057 −0.029 0.029
    叶片颜色b* −0.105 −0.944 0.129 0.044 −0.067 −0.149 0.018 0.027 −0.036 −0.082
    叶片颜色L* 0.134 0.963 −0.057 0.026 0.039 0.059 −0.110 −0.028 −0.020 −0.035
    叶鞘颜色a* −0.048 0.180 −0.086 0.685 −0.140 0.002 −0.023 −0.059 0.455 0.186
    叶鞘颜色b* −0.273 0.074 0.014 −0.846 −0.126 −0.006 0.087 −0.045 0.201 0.164
    叶鞘颜色L* 0.085 −0.003 0.001 0.951 −0.073 −0.106 −0.090 0.026 0.103 −0.022
    蜡粉a* −0.077 −0.143 0.869 0.023 −0.029 0.079 −0.028 0.024 −0.051 0.095
    蜡粉b* 0.026 0.178 −0.086 0.074 0.178 0.105 0.121 −0.012 0.091 −0.174
    蜡粉L* −0.213 0.158 −0.162 −0.055 0.787 0.004 0.057 0.179 0.044 0.021
    可溶性糖 0.133 0.011 −0.276 −0.198 0.021 0.663 −0.042 0.374 0.117 0.184
    维生素C 0.214 −0.052 −0.091 0.036 0.722 0.167 0.095 −0.011 0.101 0.021
    可溶性蛋白 −0.290 0.089 −0.026 0.005 −0.217 0.012 0.032 −0.719 −0.055 0.043
    纤维素 0.021 −0.087 −0.060 0.100 0.218 0.095 −0.126 0.062 0.786 0.025
    游离氨基酸 −0.001 0.015 −0.006 −0.423 0.163 −0.056 0.751 0.037 −0.085 −0.143
    香辛油 0.543 0.216 0.058 −0.112 0.024 −0.005 −0.223 −0.548 0.110 0.061
    二丙基二硫 −0.570 −0.065 0.181 0.144 −0.160 0.109 0.620 −0.011 −0.279 0.009
    醇类 0.205 0.062 0.138 −0.066 0.122 0.041 −0.093 −0.015 0.033 0.910
    醛类 −0.057 0.316 0.427 0.047 0.378 −0.079 −0.622 0.165 −0.092 −0.048
    杂环类 0.503 −0.152 −0.514 −0.166 −0.112 −0.104 −0.237 −0.094 0.311 −0.392
    贡献率(%) 18.67 10.98 10.00 8.70 7.82 6.50 5.47 5.01 4.40 3.65
    特征值 5.41 3.18 2.90 2.52 2.27 1.88 1.59 1.45 1.28 1.06
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格
    图  1  主成分分析碎石图
    Figure  1.  Screen plot of principal component analysis

    为明晰42个品种葱品质的综合排名,根据10个主成分的得分情况,以各自的方差贡献率为权重,二者相乘求和构建综合评价得分函数,计算出各个品种的综合得分及排名。

    F=0.1867F1+0.1098F2+0.1F3+0.087F4+0.0782F5+0.065F6+0.0547F7+0.0501F8+0.044F9+0.0365F10

    其中,F为每个品种葱品质的综合得分,F1~F10分别为每个主成分得分。如表7示,得分越高,表明该品种的品质越好,综合得分排在前5名的品种编号依次为3、8、11、14、30,分别是“辽葱7号”、“辽葱12号”、“万能叶葱”、“五叶齐”和“特级元藏大葱”。

    表  7  42种葱测定指标得分及排名
    Table  7.  Scores and ranking of determination indexes of 42 kinds of welsh-onions
    编号F1F2F3F4F5F6F7F8F9F10综合得分排名
    10.4740.137−0.811−0.4812.1070.786−0.270−0.163−0.9033.0860.24612
    22.438−0.121−0.8720.059−0.944−0.1891.6020.2720.382−1.4010.3418
    32.115−0.085−0.5181.4910.9500.0880.8820.709−0.6140.2090.6081
    41.8790.0260.1580.422−0.7970.4190.5830.491−0.6210.2170.4086
    51.398−0.062−0.0150.8370.1660.1111.065−1.2650.8750.9920.3427
    60.419−0.299−0.546−2.0620.7640.5351.303−1.205−0.763−0.2640.11715
    70.543−0.0420.321−1.0811.211−0.715−0.198−0.1751.247−1.1180.07817
    81.088−0.5152.410−0.2583.590−0.238−1.23−0.6900.376−0.4120.5292
    9−0.7880.1520.3930.8221.5401.135−0.6510.1283.7940.5700.33510
    10−0.210−0.1510.5000.0730.139−0.2850.5911.0080.044−0.1530.07218
    11−0.3760.8511.0931.366−0.3292.1142.0060.7890.582−1.5050.4833
    12−0.703−0.490−0.110−0.743−0.4460.2900.0661.282−0.0921.042−0.17532
    13−0.201−0.703−0.2630.6110.440−2.9041.7701.6180.311−0.124−0.05523
    140.7881.538−0.0100.2470.2870.1371.611−0.117−0.1690.3830.4574
    150.101−0.2241.345−0.351−0.695−0.6550.0521.3450.147−0.2700.04819
    16−0.4581.112−0.271−3.066−0.2660.243−0.3192.3040.6270.849−0.10628
    17−0.161−0.119−0.5981.623−0.4390.023−0.5271.27−0.239−0.2360.02120
    18−0.805−0.030−0.0540.7901.5440.765−1.3021.166−0.096−1.1630.02121
    19−0.215−0.5911.4480.034−1.301−0.378−1.867−0.5130.8310.110−0.17131
    202.0536−0.9092.027−0.593−1.9251.020−0.553−0.242−0.4241.3340.3389
    211.739−0.820−1.243−0.606−0.8020.522−1.4620.1300.605−1.292−0.06525
    220.505−0.202−0.823−0.821−0.542−0.700−0.534−1.6081.043−1.366−0.28338
    23−0.733−0.649−0.3271.192−0.2710.1440.675−0.1830.3410.743−0.07926
    24−1.284−0.076−0.176−0.788−0.6251.0960.607−0.1171.5470.941−0.18233
    25−1.3760.0610.603−1.4650.427−0.157−1.3820.790−0.940−1.528−0.42741
    260.3170.225−0.1460.1720.3160.380−0.1050.760−0.816−0.3030.11914
    27−0.618−0.362−0.6920.697−1.147−2.0190.2140.6400.817−0.220−0.31311
    28−0.442−0.671−1.4291.1060.4110.667−0.9201.152−2.3900.174−0.21935
    29−0.104−0.354−0.4700.470−0.661−1.83−1.058−1.312−0.3822.968−0.08427
    300.1465.2250.5090.193−0.666−1.479−0.879−0.542−0.676−0.0160.4155
    31−0.9401.265−1.2170.826−0.6531.827−0.140−2.0050.408−0.171−0.11529
    32−1.074−0.782−0.4320.545−0.326−0.3920.318−0.3690.017−0.044−0.33539
    33−1.044−0.2290.3010.807−1.1141.128−1.432−0.214−0.5150.0346−0.24436
    34−1.326−0.211−0.119−0.978−0.202−0.5400.869−0.4640.2410.641−0.36040
    35−0.52−0.7330.563−1.459−0.089−0.3170.8810.518−1.001−0.929−0.28037
    36−0.883−0.9190.8740.1870.562−0.3140.975−1.654−0.149−0.610−0.19734
    37−1.258−0.383−0.9411.1740.147−0.523−0.913−1.158−1.534−0.092−0.47042
    38−0.091−0.8461.3300.144−0.824−0.5180.901−0.270−0.236−0.584−0.05824
    39−0.1560.1801.104−0.7810.527−0.8681.3810.554−0.034−0.3120.10827816
    40−0.2480.5881.1741.0370.528−0.667−1.176−0.7430.209−0.2510.12227613
    410.3130.355−0.700−0.423−0.0940.3940.419−0.713−1.0000.264−0.0382822
    42−0.127−0.193−0.135−0.746−0.6380.870−0.3780.861−1.2110.268−0.1375930
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    运用系统聚类和K均值聚类两种方法,依据数量品质性状观测值距离聚心的长度,采用离差平方和对不同品种葱进行聚类分析。如图2所示,在欧式距离20处,这些品种被聚为2类,而在欧式距离为5处,被聚为6类。在进行K均值聚类分析时,将这些品种的性状设定为4类,见表8有18个品种聚为Ⅰ类,占总品种数量的42.86%,而Ⅳ类仅有2个品种,占总数的4.76%。通过这两种聚类分析方法可以看出,有些品种的聚类大致是相同的,说明这两种方法的分析是真实可信的。表9中主成分分析综合得分排在前5位的被分别聚在两大类中,3独自聚在一类中,8、11、14、30聚在一大类中,其中8和30欧式距离很近,聚在一小类中。这与两种聚类分析结果是完全一致的。

    图  2  42种葱的系统聚类分析图
    Figure  2.  Systemic cluster analysis of 42 kinds of welsh-onions
    表  8  K值聚类分析结果
    Table  8.  Analysis results of K-means cluster
    K均值聚类份数品种编号所占的比例(%)
    K-meansCopyVarietyPercentage
    A189,11,18,22,23,24,25,28,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,41,4242.86
    B72,3,5,15,21,27,2916.67
    C151,6,7,8,10,12,13,14,16,17,19,26,30,39,4035.71
    D24,204.76
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格
    表  9  42种葱最终等级划分
    Table  9.  Final grading of 42 kinds of welsh onions
    聚类ABCD
    得分−2.945870.8771.7775540.746
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    根据42个品种葱品质性状的主成分分析综合得分结果,对4类品种进行等级划分,由表9可知,最终得分从大到小依次为C>B>D>A。由此表明,C等级的品种得分最高,品质为优,B等级品种的品质为良,D等级品种的品质为一般,A等级品种的品质为差。

    本文通过对42种葱外在品质和内在品质性状指标进行观察测定发现,不同品种间是存在一定差异的,主要原因在于品种的遗传特性不同。在对数量性状指标主成份分析中发现,“辽葱7号”和“辽葱12号”综合得分高于其他品种,因此综合品质为最优。对这些品种的品质进行聚类分析,划分为4个等级,级别最高的为C级,包括辽葱1号、辽葱10号、辽葱11号等15个品种。 二丙基二硫是葱、洋葱、大蒜中含有的典型特征性挥发物质之一,散发浓郁的硫磺似的刺激气味,在调味香精中被普遍应用,本研究中“万能叶葱”、“韩国春川”、“日本黑叶钢葱”中二丙基二硫含量较高,说明这三个品种在菜肴等食品调味中具有重要的应用价值。香辛油是决定葱辣味的物质[22],含量越高,辣味越重,有些品种可溶性糖含量高而香辛油含量低,适宜鲜食,反之则适宜熟食,醇类物质可使植物散发独特的香气,二丙基二硫、可溶性糖、香辛油、醇类物质共同构成了葱独特的口感风味,含水率、可溶性糖和干物质含量是决定葱耐贮性的重要因素。而且纤维素含量与植株的抗倒伏性是成正相关的。通过本试验的研究,将对葱的品种改良、开发不同地区资源和推广种植提供科学的参考依据,同时也为深入研究品质相关分子机理奠定理论基础。

  • 图  1   主成分分析碎石图

    Figure  1.   Screen plot of principal component analysis

    图  2   42种葱的系统聚类分析图

    Figure  2.   Systemic cluster analysis of 42 kinds of welsh-onions

    表  1   葱供试品种

    Table  1   Tested varieties of welsh onions

    编号品种编号品种
    1辽葱1号22鳞棒葱
    2辽葱5号23上海汇合(日本)
    3辽葱7号24五叶长白(韩国)
    4辽葱8号25多蘖20
    5辽葱9号26韩文字-2
    6辽葱10号27盛远高白王
    7辽葱11号28武藏野种苗
    8辽葱12号29冀葱一号
    9东洋长帅-林芝30特级元藏大葱(日本)
    10寒将-林芝31河南新乡葱
    11万能叶葱-千叶县-阿云川32园艺小香葱
    12红皮葱-集贤县33秋宝
    13韩国大葱34保丰极晚抽
    14五叶齐35日本黑叶钢葱(日本)
    15全能小香葱36绿箭香葱
    16冬绿小香葱37韩新-1
    17四季小香葱38韩国春川
    18海阳葱39天光父本
    19牛腿葱40宝冠元藏大葱
    20韩文字-141天之川
    21巨葱王42天光一本
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   葱外观品质质量性状

    Table  2   Survey of appearance quality traits of welsh-onions

    品种
    编号
    叶片
    伸展度
    叶片
    挺直度
    叶出孔
    闭合度
    假茎基
    部形状
    葱白
    紧实度
    分蘖
    有无
    品种
    编号
    叶片
    伸展度
    叶片
    挺直度
    叶出孔
    闭合度
    假茎基
    部形状
    葱白
    紧实度
    分蘖
    130°~60°挺直半闭合直筒紧实22<30°下垂半闭合圆筒疏松
    230°~60°挺直半闭合直筒疏松2330°~60°挺直全闭合圆筒紧实
    3<30°下垂不闭合直筒疏松24<30°挺直全闭合鸡腿状紧实
    4<30°挺直半闭合直筒紧实25<30°全闭合不闭合近纺锤疏松
    5<30°挺直不闭合直筒疏松2630°~60°挺直全闭合鸡腿状紧实
    630°~60°挺直半闭合鸡腿状紧实27<30°挺直半闭合圆筒疏松
    730°~60°挺直半闭合直筒紧实2830°~60°挺直全闭合鸡腿状紧实
    830°~60°半下垂半闭合鸡腿状疏松29<30°挺直全闭合圆筒紧实
    9<30°下垂半闭合直筒疏松30<30°挺直全闭合圆筒紧实
    1030°~60°挺直半闭合鸡腿状紧实3130°~60°挺直全闭合圆筒紧实
    11<30°半下垂半闭合直筒紧实32<30°下垂半闭合鸡腿状疏松
    1230°~60°半下垂半闭合近纺锤紧实3330°~60°挺直全闭合鸡腿状疏松
    1330°~60°挺直半闭合直筒紧实3430°~60°挺直全闭合鸡腿状紧实
    14<30°半下垂半闭合直筒紧实3530°~60°挺直全闭合近纺锤紧实
    1530°~60°挺直半闭合直筒紧实3630°~60°挺直半闭合近纺锤疏松
    16<30°挺直全闭合直筒紧实3730°~60°挺直半闭合鸡腿状疏松
    17<30°下垂不闭合鸡腿状疏松3830°~60°挺直全闭合圆筒疏松
    18<30°挺直半闭合直筒疏松39<30°挺直半闭合鸡腿状疏松
    1930°~60°挺直全闭合直筒疏松40<30°挺直全闭合圆筒紧实
    2030°~60°挺直全闭合直筒紧实4130°~60°挺直全闭合近纺锤紧实
    21<30°半下垂半/不闭合直筒疏松4230°~60°挺直全闭合近纺锤紧实
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   葱外观品质数量性状分布

    Table  3   Distribution of quantitative traits of external quality of welsh-onions

    品种
    编号
    单株
    重(g)
    假茎含
    水率(%)
    叶片含
    水率(%)
    株高
    (cm)
    葱白
    长度(cm)
    葱白
    粗度(cm)
    葱白
    硬度
    叶片
    长度(cm)
    单株叶
    片数(片)
    株幅
    (cm)
    叶片
    色度a*
    叶片
    色度b*
    叶片
    色度L*
    叶鞘
    色度a*
    叶鞘
    色度b*
    叶鞘
    色度L*
    蜡粉
    a
    蜡粉
    b
    蜡粉
    L
    12400.750.859841.331.098.0052.33720.6730.23−9.167.9552.52−13.8019.0633.06−1.231.01
    24200.870.87117.6747.001.339.8972.00725.0029.13−8.317.3356.27−16.0623.0530.97−1.150.61
    34400.810.85135.6754.331.2110.0482.0923.6730.45−7.607.1851.56−17.9325.2731.40−1.160.90
    44900.810.9311744.671.179.2273.67822.6734.31−7.786.5051.58−16.4321.7433.55−1.280.55
    54100.870.87119.3353.671.227.8563.00818.0034.93−7.496.2156.22−15.1922.6231.95−1.160.76
    62200.860.8692.6739.330.869.8952.3387.3331.51−7.495.5044.85−12.2113.4432.03−1.150.80
    72500.810.859645.330.9511.0352.33814.0034.21−8.658.1246.47−14.1617.4227.13−0.930.78
    82300.930.5810751.330.958.3554.33718.0029.46−7.346.2347.26−16.2720.7235.43−1.440.92
    91500.920.7978.3323.000.959.5959.001417.0034.27−8.547.2557.88−15.4922.8133.33−1.260.99
    102800.870.878330.001.0010.1654.67822.0035.25−6.865.1950.25−14.5621.7933.41−1.350.92
    111700.910.9778.6724.331.057.7153.671915.5035.63−8.949.2653.51−16.5724.2535.68−1.210.73
    122100.80.8677.6730.001.0311.4146.001021.3337.90−6.943.6148.30−14.1618.5234.41−1.390.78
    133100.870.8781.3330.331.0415.9152.001025.0031.71−5.973.6554.12−15.4923.5631.83−1.220.79
    142400.870.9110447.670.9010.3158.67617.3341.11−10.9710.3655.35−14.7620.8233.00−1.250.77
    153500.880.8782.3332.001.1013.8851.671123.0032.21−7.165.9447.33−14.8220.3634.24−1.460.54
    162300.880.857725.001.339.6953.67931.6735.27−9.669.1843.41−10.2412.0031.93−1.150.93
    172900.840.8891.6741.001.169.5750.67819.6733.10−7.396.7457.09−16.9324.7631.33−1.110.62
    181600.870.8582.523.331.068.9049.00812.0032.44−7.456.6251.61−16.4422.5332.69−1.201.02
    192700.890.887530.671.049.7943.33919.5033.05−6.184.3655.62−13.2722.5434.81−1.440.47
    205300.870.8511649.001.478.4461.67823.0030.00−7.105.5046.79−15.3818.6835.51−1.610.28
    213200.810.8711946.001.239.0472.00720.3330.53−7.005.9649.24−15.2320.3932.64−1.180.75
    221800.870.8785.3332.670.7911.8852.67714.0035.01−7.226.4451.04−14.5020.5632.03−1.180.62
    231300.830.8774.3329.670.689.3044.67621.6732.57−7.364.8558.24−16.6224.0232.66−1.280.58
    241100.840.8766.0011.330.865.9450.331615.7533.6−7.565.9257.52−11.7918.5832.71−1.240.73
    251250.880.8564.6724.000.9111.1640.3376.1733.71−7.486.4844.89−12.9716.3533.82−1.330.81
    262100.870.8794.3343.001.177.3652.00720.0034.43−7.716.5950.19−16.4721.7531.71−1.160.83
    273700.850.8774.3331.000.9017.3844.33920.8335.45−6.954.5556.61−14.8722.9231.96−1.250.64
    281900.750.7889.0042.331.429.3249.00610.6733.07−7.165.7849.60−17.6622.8531.91−1.160.87
    293800.820.8482.6732.000.9515.6749.00823.0034.59−6.974.8453.16−15.1423.3632.73−1.250.72
    302500.890.8985.6730.671.2513.4154.67720.1756.61−14.8722.9254.31−15.1222.0432.37−1.290.74
    311200.860.8671.0019.670.677.6153.672010.1736.34−10.3010.1054.20−15.0721.7329.79−1.040.72
    321300.880.8771.6729.000.8810.3643.67718.8334.89−5.872.9451.05−15.9321.6131.51−1.190.73
    331600.870.9575.0027.000.697.8845.00919.0032.49−7.406.2153.94−15.7123.1033.61−1.320.55
    341300.860.8664.0031.330.579.9440.00619.1733.64−8.025.7653.37−11.5418.9033.12−1.330.76
    35700.890.8869.6729.000.728.0943.00515.0031.97−6.173.9042.06−12.9716.4533.25−1.280.73
    361400.880.8772.0030.330.639.9244.0075.0034.89−5.872.9447.68−15.5219.6934.88−1.400.85
    27800.760.8466.3326.330.8011.0142.33714.0033.54−6.986.3950.42−17.0123.5732.52−1.180.76
    381800.890.8883.0031.001.3510.6648.33821.3331.55−5.814.1450.09−14.8320.7434.29−1.460.57
    392900.890.8975.0025.330.9011.8550.33921.0033.74−7.346.1045.26−14.9918.4034.41−1.330.93
    402300.880.8783.0031.000.8210.8950.33918.3334.68−8.257.6757.46−15.8822.3234.02−1.380.87
    411800.830.87100.3336.000.829.3260.00815.3334.97−8.707.6147.60−15.0018.2630.97−1.150.61
    421500.850.8990.3333.671.098.0056.67719.0033.89−7.555.9045.21−14.0918.9931.44−1.340.65
    平均值2400.860.8687.3234.181.0010.1352.918.4318.2234.1−7.756.5951.22−14.9820.7732.76−1.260.74
    总值991035.9336.223667.51435.742.01425.62222.3354765.11432.3−325.52276.72151.1−629.07872.51376−52.8731.19
    变幅70~
    530
    0.75~
    0.93
    0.58~
    0.97
    64.11~
    135.67
    11.33~
    54.33
    0.57~
    1.47
    5.94~
    17.38
    40~825~205~
    31.67
    29.13~
    56.61
    −14.87~
    −5.81
    2.94~
    22.92
    42.06~
    58.24
    −17.93~
    −10.24
    12~
    25.27
    27.13~
    35.68
    −1.61~
    −0.93
    0.28~
    1.02
    变异系数0.450.050.060.20.290.220.230.171.790.290.12−0.20.470.09−0.110.140.05−0.10.21
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   葱内在品质数量性状分布

    Table  4   Distribution of quantitative traits of internal quality of welsh-onions

    品种编号可溶性糖
    (%)
    维生素C(mg/100 g)可溶性蛋白(mg/100 g)纤维素(%)游离氨基酸(g/100 g)香辛油
    (g/100 g)
    二丙基二硫(%)醇类(%)醛类(%)杂环类(%)
    117.877.010.1714.250.370.5230.7340.3521.247.69
    216.572.470.2015.450.350.626.710.947.5684.78
    314.873.450.1815.970.390.3842.2616.8617.2123.67
    416.073.000.1615.310.420.4433.2914.0012.8319.95
    513.431.980.2520.890.350.4863.4923.983.399.14
    617.303.960.3214.060.530.5169.8110.50019.70
    714.035.610.1621.70.380.3820.003.561.4674.98
    813.934.970.1917.70.400.4922.8017.0250.449.73
    918.514.080.3127.370.210.3943.6718.9318.2811.11
    1014.882.350.1315.900.370.3671.777.7810.3310.13
    1116.173.930.1616.460.440.3293.540.450.925.09
    1219.171.900.2017.400.410.2863.8615.685.3815.07
    1311.722.660.0616.460.530.2674.058.206.7810.97
    1417.593.250.0916.300.410.5178.6313.4207.95
    1514.222.380.0616.060.390.3460.0911.0922.126.7
    1618.591.420.1417.270.400.3656.2517.6319.946.18
    1714.361.640.0617.590.260.3063.668.6321.366.35
    1816.834.580.0517.570.210.3953.702.5032.7211.08
    1911.331.300.1417.350.190.5440.0115.0029.3815.60
    2017.201.400.2717.430.250.5358.5927.634.978.80
    2117.741.810.2518.700.260.496.590.304.7388.37
    2214.932.010.3217.520.420.6122.922.794.1570.13
    2316.912.460.1917.910.400.4282.1511.321.914.62
    2416.391.160.2218.370.510.3967.2919.325.707.68
    2514.561.550.1615.570.390.2850.452.1939.487.87
    2616.061.380.1415.680.440.4148.4815.2323.8512.44
    2713.441.670.2115.670.290.3167.381.400.3030.91
    2817.261.560.1815.090.270.2875.858.854.4810.82
    2912.141.300.4516.370.180.5235.1741.948.8214.06
    3011.911.170.4815.390.320.5340.8215.1239.264.80
    3116.461.830.6414.950.380.4487.962.232.407.41
    3214.161.750.4717.250.320.3183.008.303.045.65
    3317.132.540.4814.720.190.2750.7311.5530.557.17
    3415.171.560.5116.020.510.2171.7410.227.6910.35
    3511.002.050.4814.800.450.5391.890.531.855.63
    3611.192.440.4716.130.400.3385.368.261.105.28
    3711.342.030.4615.570.290.4474.052.2217.056.68
    3810.452.790.5216.330.410.3185.973.403.487.15
    3912.842.240.1515.610.550.4368.9912.3716.032.61
    4010.372.670.1916.220.190.5750.828.5438.432.21
    4114.812.270.2315.220.390.4667.0116.569.027.41
    4216.922.000.1214.590.300.3466.8217.3210.015.85
    平均值14.952.510.2516.720.360.4157.8211.6213.3216.42
    总值628.82105.5810.62702.1715.1217.282428.35476.48559.64689.77
    变幅10.37~19.171.16~7.010.05~0.6414.06~27.370.18~0.550.21~0.626.59~93.540.30~40.350~50.442.21~88.37
    变异系数0.160.510.60.140.280.240.390.830.981.31
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5   葱品质指标间的相关性分析

    Table  5   Correlation analysis of quality indexes of welsh-onions

    指标单株重假茎
    含水率
    叶片
    含水率
    株高葱白
    长度
    葱白
    粗度
    葱白
    硬度
    叶片
    长度
    单株
    叶片数
    株幅叶片
    色度a*
    叶片
    色度b*
    叶片
    色度L*
    叶鞘
    色度a*
    叶鞘
    色度b*
    叶鞘
    色度L*
    蜡粉
    a*
    蜡粉
    b*
    蜡粉
    L*
    可溶
    性糖
    维生
    素C
    可溶性
    蛋白
    纤维素游离
    氨基酸
    香辛油二丙
    基二硫
    醇类醛类杂环类
    单株重1
    假茎
    含水率
    −0.0891
    叶片
    含水率
    0.044−0.0421
    株高0.722**−0.190−0.1281
    葱白
    长度
    0.633**−0.225−0.2480.886**1
    葱白
    粗度
    0.597**−0.120−0.0590.583**0.468**1
    葱白
    硬度
    0.290−0.0050.018−0.177−0.081−0.0201
    叶片
    长度
    0.654**−0.1100.0180.884**0.611**0.523**−0.1831
    单株
    叶片数
    −0.1460.1710.142−0.186−0.414**−0.107−0.325*0.0681
    株幅0.543**0.0160.0880.2890.1970.459**0.2320.344*−0.1681
    叶片
    色度a
    −0.1190.1340.245−0.185−0.198−0.0200.252−0.0970.084−0.0371
    叶片
    色度b*
    0.008−0.053−0.106−0.118−0.015−0.1030.041−0.230−0.244−0.049−0.743**1
    叶片
    色度L*
    0.0230.0940.1010.1310.0170.1930.0100.2340.1910.0430.774**−0.957**1
    叶鞘
    色度a*
    0.105−0.0030.167−0.001−0.073−0.0840.0610.0710.2190.1600.167−0.1900.1661
    叶鞘
    色度b*
    −0.2370.1760.085−0.373*−0.347*−0.201−0.028−0.308*0.0460.0170.064−0.088−0.013−0.315*1
    叶鞘
    色度L*
    0.207−0.0800.0680.1580.1210.0730.1440.1700.0620.1430.0370.0570.0350.722**−0.802**1
    蜡粉a*0.0330.366*−0.055−0.154−0.1530.012−0.056−0.1880.0770.054−0.0800.232−0.187−0.0570.0000.0231
    蜡粉b*−0.131−0.358*0.1010.1220.080−0.061−0.0800.2000.108−0.1790.056−0.2610.2140.122−0.0840.045−0.844**1
    蜡粉L*−0.300−0.047−0.359*−0.092−0.106−0.105−0.052−0.030−0.009−0.1860.053−0.1540.113−0.1010.031−0.116−0.0940.315*1
    可溶
    性糖
    0.019−0.2290.0010.2330.0970.194−0.421**0.309*0.2630.084−0.120−0.2240.059−0.0160.105−0.205−0.1120.2020.1021
    维生
    素C
    −0.015−0.091−0.2450.2710.253−0.040−0.1640.1760.024−0.131−0.264−0.0960.038−0.040−0.129−0.027−0.0510.1730.433**0.1841
    可溶性
    蛋白
    −0.350*0.0660.037−0.323*−0.264−0.392*−0.035−0.2670.153−0.2700.206−0.0600.081−0.0010.098−0.029−0.020−0.018−0.146−0.272−0.2351
    纤维素0.0200.213−0.2580.0670.0060.067−0.0670.1340.2050.038−0.0320.022−0.0410.280−0.0270.112−0.0920.1210.1570.1520.177−0.1031
    游离
    氨基酸
    −0.1390.1000.068−0.080−0.053−0.197−0.048−0.009−0.042−0.050−0.021−0.004−0.058−0.310*0.349*−0.426**−0.0280.1040.1510.0180.083−0.047−0.2311
    香辛油0.2690.054−0.1010.404**0.313*0.085−0.1000.360*−0.0400.0390.061−0.2690.2820.074−0.011−0.041−0.0050.022−0.116−0.1000.1090.043−0.010−0.1541
    二丙
    基二硫
    −0.443**0.1260.276−0.519**−0.435**−0.311*−0.065−0.472**0.160−0.2500.1080.155−0.202−0.0570.050−0.0340.165−0.123−0.035−0.159−0.2440.232−0.2400.300−0.463**1
    醇类0.331*−0.206−0.1810.2510.2230.202−0.0520.151−0.0370.339*0.015−0.1320.0540.0770.121−0.0610.149−0.2130.0460.1710.112−0.0680.081−0.1510.217−0.2061
    醛类−0.0330.255−0.365*−0.026−0.0390.082−0.022−0.084−0.0700.0630.123−0.2320.340*0.011−0.0940.0840.280−0.2710.243−0.1540.121−0.200−0.035−0.326*0.089−0.398**0.1321
    杂环类0.292−0.184−0.0040.413**0.365*0.1710.1150.420**−0.1210.057−0.1940.041−0.0190.003−0.025−0.003−0.422**0.390*−0.1170.1600.112−0.0810.207−0.0500.329*−0.682**−0.318*−0.2491
    注:*表示显著相关(P<0.05)。**表示在极显著相关(P<0.01)。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6   葱品质数量性状主成分分析结果

    Table  6   Principal component analysis result of quantitative traits for welsh-onions

    指标
    主成分
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
    单株重 0.785 −0.036 0.089 0.120 −0.225 −0.239 −0.008 0.240 0.096 0.216
    假茎含水率 −0.078 0.181 0.658 −0.122 0.020 −0.061 0.120 −0.071 0.406 −0.384
    叶片含水率 −0.082 0.188 −0.132 0.085 −0.646 0.096 0.340 0.082 −0.056 −0.092
    株高 0.949 −0.007 −0.092 0.123 0.111 0.113 −0.016 0.078 −0.067 0.062
    葱白长度 0.844 −0.118 −0.106 0.095 0.184 −0.076 −0.027 −0.002 −0.209 0.079
    葱白粗度 0.580 0.095 0.059 0.020 −0.142 0.051 −0.193 0.523 −0.094 0.083
    葱白硬度 −0.079 0.078 −0.066 0.061 −0.138 −0.854 0.002 0.131 0.104 0.027
    叶片长度 0.851 0.129 −0.122 0.116 0.006 0.221 0.082 0.137 0.121 −0.013
    单株叶片数 −0.206 0.215 0.078 0.123 −0.130 0.635 0.108 −0.063 0.390 −0.047
    株幅 0.361 0.055 0.125 −0.007 −0.277 −0.269 −0.002 0.459 0.228 0.376
    叶片颜色a* −0.181 0.864 −0.008 0.049 −0.154 −0.179 0.041 −0.057 −0.029 0.029
    叶片颜色b* −0.105 −0.944 0.129 0.044 −0.067 −0.149 0.018 0.027 −0.036 −0.082
    叶片颜色L* 0.134 0.963 −0.057 0.026 0.039 0.059 −0.110 −0.028 −0.020 −0.035
    叶鞘颜色a* −0.048 0.180 −0.086 0.685 −0.140 0.002 −0.023 −0.059 0.455 0.186
    叶鞘颜色b* −0.273 0.074 0.014 −0.846 −0.126 −0.006 0.087 −0.045 0.201 0.164
    叶鞘颜色L* 0.085 −0.003 0.001 0.951 −0.073 −0.106 −0.090 0.026 0.103 −0.022
    蜡粉a* −0.077 −0.143 0.869 0.023 −0.029 0.079 −0.028 0.024 −0.051 0.095
    蜡粉b* 0.026 0.178 −0.086 0.074 0.178 0.105 0.121 −0.012 0.091 −0.174
    蜡粉L* −0.213 0.158 −0.162 −0.055 0.787 0.004 0.057 0.179 0.044 0.021
    可溶性糖 0.133 0.011 −0.276 −0.198 0.021 0.663 −0.042 0.374 0.117 0.184
    维生素C 0.214 −0.052 −0.091 0.036 0.722 0.167 0.095 −0.011 0.101 0.021
    可溶性蛋白 −0.290 0.089 −0.026 0.005 −0.217 0.012 0.032 −0.719 −0.055 0.043
    纤维素 0.021 −0.087 −0.060 0.100 0.218 0.095 −0.126 0.062 0.786 0.025
    游离氨基酸 −0.001 0.015 −0.006 −0.423 0.163 −0.056 0.751 0.037 −0.085 −0.143
    香辛油 0.543 0.216 0.058 −0.112 0.024 −0.005 −0.223 −0.548 0.110 0.061
    二丙基二硫 −0.570 −0.065 0.181 0.144 −0.160 0.109 0.620 −0.011 −0.279 0.009
    醇类 0.205 0.062 0.138 −0.066 0.122 0.041 −0.093 −0.015 0.033 0.910
    醛类 −0.057 0.316 0.427 0.047 0.378 −0.079 −0.622 0.165 −0.092 −0.048
    杂环类 0.503 −0.152 −0.514 −0.166 −0.112 −0.104 −0.237 −0.094 0.311 −0.392
    贡献率(%) 18.67 10.98 10.00 8.70 7.82 6.50 5.47 5.01 4.40 3.65
    特征值 5.41 3.18 2.90 2.52 2.27 1.88 1.59 1.45 1.28 1.06
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7   42种葱测定指标得分及排名

    Table  7   Scores and ranking of determination indexes of 42 kinds of welsh-onions

    编号F1F2F3F4F5F6F7F8F9F10综合得分排名
    10.4740.137−0.811−0.4812.1070.786−0.270−0.163−0.9033.0860.24612
    22.438−0.121−0.8720.059−0.944−0.1891.6020.2720.382−1.4010.3418
    32.115−0.085−0.5181.4910.9500.0880.8820.709−0.6140.2090.6081
    41.8790.0260.1580.422−0.7970.4190.5830.491−0.6210.2170.4086
    51.398−0.062−0.0150.8370.1660.1111.065−1.2650.8750.9920.3427
    60.419−0.299−0.546−2.0620.7640.5351.303−1.205−0.763−0.2640.11715
    70.543−0.0420.321−1.0811.211−0.715−0.198−0.1751.247−1.1180.07817
    81.088−0.5152.410−0.2583.590−0.238−1.23−0.6900.376−0.4120.5292
    9−0.7880.1520.3930.8221.5401.135−0.6510.1283.7940.5700.33510
    10−0.210−0.1510.5000.0730.139−0.2850.5911.0080.044−0.1530.07218
    11−0.3760.8511.0931.366−0.3292.1142.0060.7890.582−1.5050.4833
    12−0.703−0.490−0.110−0.743−0.4460.2900.0661.282−0.0921.042−0.17532
    13−0.201−0.703−0.2630.6110.440−2.9041.7701.6180.311−0.124−0.05523
    140.7881.538−0.0100.2470.2870.1371.611−0.117−0.1690.3830.4574
    150.101−0.2241.345−0.351−0.695−0.6550.0521.3450.147−0.2700.04819
    16−0.4581.112−0.271−3.066−0.2660.243−0.3192.3040.6270.849−0.10628
    17−0.161−0.119−0.5981.623−0.4390.023−0.5271.27−0.239−0.2360.02120
    18−0.805−0.030−0.0540.7901.5440.765−1.3021.166−0.096−1.1630.02121
    19−0.215−0.5911.4480.034−1.301−0.378−1.867−0.5130.8310.110−0.17131
    202.0536−0.9092.027−0.593−1.9251.020−0.553−0.242−0.4241.3340.3389
    211.739−0.820−1.243−0.606−0.8020.522−1.4620.1300.605−1.292−0.06525
    220.505−0.202−0.823−0.821−0.542−0.700−0.534−1.6081.043−1.366−0.28338
    23−0.733−0.649−0.3271.192−0.2710.1440.675−0.1830.3410.743−0.07926
    24−1.284−0.076−0.176−0.788−0.6251.0960.607−0.1171.5470.941−0.18233
    25−1.3760.0610.603−1.4650.427−0.157−1.3820.790−0.940−1.528−0.42741
    260.3170.225−0.1460.1720.3160.380−0.1050.760−0.816−0.3030.11914
    27−0.618−0.362−0.6920.697−1.147−2.0190.2140.6400.817−0.220−0.31311
    28−0.442−0.671−1.4291.1060.4110.667−0.9201.152−2.3900.174−0.21935
    29−0.104−0.354−0.4700.470−0.661−1.83−1.058−1.312−0.3822.968−0.08427
    300.1465.2250.5090.193−0.666−1.479−0.879−0.542−0.676−0.0160.4155
    31−0.9401.265−1.2170.826−0.6531.827−0.140−2.0050.408−0.171−0.11529
    32−1.074−0.782−0.4320.545−0.326−0.3920.318−0.3690.017−0.044−0.33539
    33−1.044−0.2290.3010.807−1.1141.128−1.432−0.214−0.5150.0346−0.24436
    34−1.326−0.211−0.119−0.978−0.202−0.5400.869−0.4640.2410.641−0.36040
    35−0.52−0.7330.563−1.459−0.089−0.3170.8810.518−1.001−0.929−0.28037
    36−0.883−0.9190.8740.1870.562−0.3140.975−1.654−0.149−0.610−0.19734
    37−1.258−0.383−0.9411.1740.147−0.523−0.913−1.158−1.534−0.092−0.47042
    38−0.091−0.8461.3300.144−0.824−0.5180.901−0.270−0.236−0.584−0.05824
    39−0.1560.1801.104−0.7810.527−0.8681.3810.554−0.034−0.3120.10827816
    40−0.2480.5881.1741.0370.528−0.667−1.176−0.7430.209−0.2510.12227613
    410.3130.355−0.700−0.423−0.0940.3940.419−0.713−1.0000.264−0.0382822
    42−0.127−0.193−0.135−0.746−0.6380.870−0.3780.861−1.2110.268−0.1375930
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8   K值聚类分析结果

    Table  8   Analysis results of K-means cluster

    K均值聚类份数品种编号所占的比例(%)
    K-meansCopyVarietyPercentage
    A189,11,18,22,23,24,25,28,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,41,4242.86
    B72,3,5,15,21,27,2916.67
    C151,6,7,8,10,12,13,14,16,17,19,26,30,39,4035.71
    D24,204.76
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  9   42种葱最终等级划分

    Table  9   Final grading of 42 kinds of welsh onions

    聚类ABCD
    得分−2.945870.8771.7775540.746
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2020-08-13
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-04-13
  • 刊出日期:  2021-06-14

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