Abstract: Dietary imbalance is an important cause of chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, while the dietary intervention is one of the most effective and safe way to maintain the health of body. Coarse cereals are full of a variety of nutritional function factors, and have a variety of activities. It is widely recognized that coarse cereals are an important part in the daily diet structure. However, the current researches are lack of the systematic discussion of coarse cereals’ nutrition function and usually neglect the safety risks caused by the ingredients and anti-nutrition factors of themselves and inappropriate eating habits. Making the suitable and accurate position of the coarse cereals in dietary intervention is unclear. So it is not conducive to the deep processing of coarse cereals and the development of produce differentiated precision nutrition food. Therefore, to solve the above problems, this paper tries to systematically sort out the nutrition and functional composition of coarse cereals and summary the research of the coarse cereals’ safety. The advantages and disadvantages of coarse cereals effects on human body are reviewed, aims to avoid the edible risks of coarse cereals. This paper would provide a reference to produce precision nutrition food, and promote the healthy development of coarse cereals industry.