Abstract: In order to determine the optimal extraction process parameters of Hericium erinaceus triterpenes, the experiment was designed by Box-Behnken response surface method. Ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and material-liquid ratio were taken as the influencing factors, Hericium erinaceus triterpene yields were the response value. Design expert 10.0.3 software was used to establish quadratic polynomial fitting, draw contour map and response surface map. The best extraction conditions were screened out and the antioxidant activity was determined. The results showed that the optimal extraction process conditions were: Ethanol concentration 60%, temperature 55 ℃, material-liquid ratio 1:15(g:mL). Under this condition, the verification test showed that the yield of Hericium erinaceus triterpenes was 0.28%, close to the predicted value, indicating that the model established by the response surface method was accurate and reliable, and could reasonably optimize the extraction process of Hericium erinaceus triterpenes. Through comprehensive evaluation of three antioxidant systems: DPPH·scavenging ability, reducing power, ABTS⁺· scavenging ability, as the concentration of the extract increased, there was a good dose relationship for free radical scavenging. The DPPH and ABTS⁺ free radical half-inhibitory concentrations(IC₅₀) were (6.375±0.020) mg·mL⁻¹ and (0.355±0.040) mg·mL⁻¹, respectively, and the triterpene of Hericium erinaceus had certain antioxidant properties.