Review on the Toxicology of DHA Algal Oil
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摘要: DHA藻油是以裂壶藻（Schizochytrium sp.）或者吾肯氏壶藻（Ulkenia amoeboida）或者寇氏隐甲藻（Crypthecodinium cohnii）等藻种为原料，经生物发酵、提取、冬化、精制、脱色、除臭等过程制得富含DHA的油脂。DHA对人类智力和视力发育至关重要。由于人体不能直接合成，需要通过摄入鱼油或藻油进行获取。DHA藻油相对于鱼油具有DHA含量更高、无重金属污染、EPA含量较低、安全易吸收等优点，目前被广泛应用于配方乳粉、保健食品等产品中，但其加工过程涉及藻类自然发酵过程，这一过程产生了DHA、DPA等重要营养物质，也增加了一定的安全风险。因此开展DHA藻油的毒理学评价以及确定其最高每日安全使用剂量的研究十分必要。本文对目前研究DHA藻油急性、亚急性、亚慢性、慢性、生殖、临床毒理学的文献进行总结和评价，大量临床前动物和临床人体毒理实验发现裂壶藻、吾肯氏壶藻、寇氏隐甲藻三种藻源发酵来源的DHA藻油在最高20700 mg/kg/bw剂量范围内均未表现出相应的毒性，DHA藻油在最高6000 mg/d的给药剂量下，对人体无不良反应，添加DHA藻油后的婴儿配方乳粉不会显著影响婴儿的生长。DHA藻油作为食品原料使用时，在储运贮藏过程中，应注意增加适量的抗氧化剂（抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯和维生素E）以保证原料的功能性和安全性。本文梳理的DHA藻油最高给药剂量结果可为监管部门、相应生产企业制定和推荐DHA藻油的每日安全使用剂量提供数据支撑。Abstract: DHA algal oil is using Schizochytrium sp. or Ulkenia amoeboida or Crypthecodinium Cohnii as raw materials,through biological fermentation,extraction,winterization,refining,decolorization,deodorization and other processes to produce. DHA is essential for the development of intelligence and vision for human. Because human body can’t synthesize this fatty acid directly,we need to intake it by eating fish oil or algae oil. Compared with fish oil,DHA algal oil has many advantages,such as higher DHA contents,no heavy metal pollution,lower EPA contents,safe and easy to absorb. At present,it is widely used in formula milk powder,health food and other products. But in the process of DHA fermentation,in addition to the production of DHA,DPA and other important nutrients,it also increases the safety risk. Therefore,it is necessary to carry out toxicological evaluation of DHA algal oil and determine its maximum daily safe dose. In this paper,the current literatures on the acute,subacute,subchronic,chronic,reproductive and clinical toxicology of DHA algal oil are summarized and evaluated. A large number of preclinical animal and clinical human toxicology experiments showes that DHA algal oil from three algal sources have no toxicity under the dose range of 20700 mg/kg/BW. DHA algal oil have no adverse effect on human body at the maximum dose of 6000 mg/d. Adds DHA does not significantly affect infant growth. When DHA algal oil is used as food raw material,in the storage,transportation and storage process,it is necessary to add appropriate antioxidants(ascorbyl palmitate and vitamin E)to ensure the functionality and safety of the raw material. The results of this paper provides a data basis for the regulatory authorities and the corresponding manufacturers to formulate and recommend the daily use of DHA algal oil.
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Keywords:
- DHA /
- DHA algal oil /
- safety /
- toxicity
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