Abstract: Bioactive substances such as active peptides,essential oils and pro biotics are susceptible to external factors such as heat,light,processing,storage and transportation. How to make bioactive substances not restricted by the above conditions and keep their activity has become a research focus of food processing technology. Electrospinning technology has many advantages,such as simple operation,high encapsulation efficiency of bioactive substances,no heat generated in the encapsulation process,and the encapsulation materials are easy to release. Therefore,the application of electrospinning technology in the field of food is increasing. This paper mainly introduces the principle of electrospinning technology,the commonly used packaging materials,the factors affecting the morphology of electrospinning fiber,the application and prospect of electrospinning technology in the field of food.Suggesting future research should focus on the selection of non-toxic special coating materials for electrospinning,the in vivo targeted releasestudy and functional evaluation of bioactive substances for electrospinning fiber encapsulation,and the industrial continuous production of electrospinning fiber.