Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of fat metabolism and deposition of longissimus dorsi muscles in 1.5-year-old cashmere goat under different grazing conditions by the quantitative real-time PCR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results showed that the content of intramuscular fat(IMF)in hilly-graze group was significantly higher than that of pasture-graze group(p<0.05),different grazing conditions had no significant effect on water,ash,and protein content in muscle(p>0.05). The percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)in hilly-graze group was significantly higher than that in pasture-graze group(p<0.05),and the contents of α-linolenic,CLA and DHA were significantly higher in hilly-graze group(p<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that high expression of SCD and LPL genes were beneficial to the deposition of intramuscular fat. The high expression of SCD gene facilitates the deposition of monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)in musclewhile high expression of the LPL gene inhibits the deposition of PUFA in longissimus dorsi muscles.