摘要:
为探究超声辅助乙醇法提取木鳖果假种皮中β-胡萝卜素的最优工艺条件,本文考察了超声功率、超声时间、超声温度以及料液比对β-胡萝卜素提取量的影响,并在单因素实验基础上进行4因素3水平正交优化试验。同时根据β-胡萝卜素的保留率大小,研究了光照、温度、pH以及金属离子对其稳定性的影响。结果表明,木鳖果假种皮中β-胡萝卜素的最佳提取条件为:超声功率60 W,超声时间60 min,超声温度65℃,料液比1:20 g/mL。在此条件下提取的木鳖果假种皮中β-胡萝卜素含量为2.212 mg/g。稳定性实验表明:木鳖果假种皮中β-胡萝卜素在光照、高温(100℃)条件下不稳定,容易分解;酸性条件对β-胡萝卜素有增色作用,而碱性及中性条件对其有减色作用,保留率降低;Na+、K+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Cu2+、Zn2+对β-胡萝卜素有不同的作用,其中,Fe3+对其有较强的增色作用,而Fe2+、Cu2+、Zn2+对其有减色作用。该研究结果对于高效利用木鳖果假种皮中的β-胡萝卜素以及假种皮深加工具有重要意义。
Abstract:
In order to study the optimal extraction parameters of β-carotene in aril of Momordica cochinchinensis extracted by ultrasonic assisted with ethanol,the effects of ultrasonic power,ultrasonic time,ultrasonic temperature and solid to liquid ratio on the extraction content of β-carotene. Based on the single factor experiments,the L9(34)orthogonal designwas applied. Moreover,the effects of sunlight,temperature,pH and metal ions on stability of β-carotene were also studied. Results showed that the optimum extractive conditions were determined as follows:Ultrasonic power was 60 W,extraction time was 60 min,extraction temperature was 65℃,solid to liquid ratio was 1:20 g/mL. The content of β-carotene was 2.212 mg/g under this condition. The study on stability showed that sunlight and high temperature(100℃)were not benefit tothe storage of β-carotene,it was easy to decompose under this condition. Acidic condition had a hyperchromic effect,but alkaline and neutral condition had an opposite effect and lowered the retention rate. Na+,K+,Fe2+,Fe3+,Cu2+ and Zn2+ had different effects on β-carotene,Fe3+ had a strong hyperchromic effect on β-carotene while Fe2+,Cu2+ and Zn2+ had a hypochromic effect on it. The important significance was provided for efficient use of β-carotene in aril of Momordica cochinchinensis and the further processing of aril.
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