摘要:
以四个品种赣南脐橙(纽荷尔、朋娜、华盛顿、奈维林娜)为原料,通过检测其可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物含量与固酸比,确定了四个品种果实的成熟度,并利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取果皮精油,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对挥发性成分进行研究,比较四个品种在精油得率和挥发性成分及相对含量上的差异。结果表明:四个品种脐橙的固酸比均大于或等于20.0,均已达到成熟状态;各脐橙果皮精油得率为:纽荷尔(1.05%)＞奈维林娜(0.94%)＞华盛顿(0.91%)＞朋娜(0.75%);样品中共鉴定出21种挥发性成分,包括13种烯烃类、3种醇类和5种醛类,烯烃类化合物是其主要挥发性成分。其中,纽荷尔脐橙果皮中鉴定出11种,d-柠檬烯(92.962%)、月桂烯(2.851%)和罗勒烯(1.039%)为其主要香气成分;朋娜脐橙果皮中鉴定出13种,d-柠檬烯(92.328%)、月桂烯(2.700%)和3-亚甲基-6-(1-甲基乙基)环己烯(1.020%)为其主要香气成分;华盛顿脐橙果皮中鉴定出14种,d-柠檬烯(92.322%)和β-蒎烯(2.653%)为其主要香气成分;奈维林娜脐橙果皮中鉴定出11种,月桂烯(47.036%)、2-蒎烯(15.313%)、3-亚甲基-6-(1-甲基乙基)环己烯(11.593%)为其主要香气成分。本研究结果为赣南脐橙品种精油的开发利用提供参考。
关键词:
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脐橙果皮
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不同品种
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精油
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得率
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挥发性成分
Abstract:
Four varieties of Gannan navel oranges(Newhall,Bonanza,Washington,Navelina)were used as raw materials,the maturity of the fruits was determined by detecting the soluble sugar,titratable acid,soluble solids content and solid-acid ratio,the essential oils were extracted by steam distillation from peels,and the volatile components were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The differences in yield,volatile chemical composition and content were compared. Results showed that the solid-acid ratios of the four varieties of navel oranges were all greater than or equal to 20.0,indicated that the fruits were in a mature state. The yields of essential oil from four varieties of Gannan navel orange peels were as followed:Newhall(1.05%)＞Navelina(0.94%)＞Washington(0.91%)＞Bonanza(0.75%). 21 volatile components were identified from four samples,including 13 olefins,3 alcohols and 5 aldehydes,with predominantly olefinic compounds. Besides,eleven kinds of volatile components were identified in the peel of Newhall navel orange,d-limonene(92.962%),myrcene(2.851%)and ocimene(1.039%)were the main aroma components;13 kinds of volatile components were identified in Bonanza,d-limonene(92.328%),myrcene(2.700%),and 3-methylene-6-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexene(1.020%)were main aroma components;Fourteen kinds of volatile components were identified in Washington,d-limonene(92.322%)and β-pinene(2.653%)were the main aroma components;Eleven kinds of volatile components were identified in Navelina,myrcene(47.036%),2-decene(15.313%),3-methylene-6-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexene(11.593%)were main aroma components. The results of this study provided references for the development and utilization of essential oils from Gannan navel oranges.
百度学术
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