Abstract: On the basis of single factor experiment,the extraction conditions of monascus pigment and crude protein,the saponification conditions of ergosterol and the deacetylation conditions of chitosan were optimized by orthogonal test in order to improve the utilization rate of the active ingredients of the mycelium. The results showed:the optimum extraction condition of monascus pigment was ethanol concentration 80%,temperature 50℃,solid-liquid ratio 1:34 (g:mL),and extraction time 30 min;the optimum extraction condition of protein was pH9,temperature 45℃,time 2 h;the optimum saponification condition of ergosterol was NaOH concentration 14%,temperature 90℃,time 2 h,and solid-liquid ratio 1:8 (g:mL);the optimum deacetylation condition of chitosan was alkali concentration45%,temperature 110℃,time 3 h. In the end,the recoveries of red pigment,crude protein,ergosterol and chitosan were up to 94.41%,65.23%,4.16% and 3.64%,respectively. This approach can be used to extract monascus pigments,crude protein,ergosterol and chitosan at one time to achieve maximum utilization of resources.