Abstract: The Gliadin nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning.Response surface method was applied to evaluate and optimize Gliadin concentration,voltage and flow rate on diameter of the electrospun nanofibers. The multiple regression model was set up by regression analysis.The results indicated that the flow rate had the mostsignificant influence,and the next were the electric field intensity and Gliadin concentration. Simulated Annealing algorithm was used to obtain the optimal conditions,which were Gliadin concentration of 24%,voltage of 10 kV,flow rate of 0.25 mL/h.Under these conditions,the predicted fiber diameter was 122 nm,the actual experimentally obtained fiber diameter was 131 nm.The observed responses were in close agreement with the predicted values of the model. By using of response surface design,not only the process of experimentat design can be simplified but also the condition of the desired fiber diameter could be obtained easily according to the model.It shows great significance on the production of electrospinning nanofibers.