Effects of processing temperature on volatile compouds in Laminaria japonica
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摘要: 探讨不同温度处理的海带挥发性成分的差异。电子鼻分别检测不同加热温度(100、115、135、150℃)的条件下海带和生鲜海带间气味的变化,对所获得的数据进行主成分分析。采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用仪检测并分析生鲜、100℃加热以及150℃加热条件下海带的挥发性风味成分。电子鼻对不同条件下处理的海带样品的定性分析快速灵敏。运用GC-MS技术鉴定出生鲜海带、100℃和150℃加热海带中分别含有30种、43种、64种挥发性风味成分,主要包括一些烃类化合物、醛类化合物、醇类化合物以及酮类化合物。它们的协同作用构成了海带的特殊风味。己醛、辛醛、壬醛、反-2-辛烯醛和1-辛烯-3-醇是生鲜海带的主要挥发性风味物质。经过100℃加热的海带中风味的形成主要是十五烷、己醛、辛醛、反-2-辛烯醛、壬醛、癸醛、反-2-庚烯醛、2,4-癸二烯醛、醛类物质以及2-戊基呋喃的共同作用;150℃加热以后除了壬醛、2,4-壬二烯醛、己醛、辛醛和十五烷以外,出现了8-十七烯、糠醛、5-甲基糠醛等物质,它们对其风味的形成起主要作用。Abstract: Investigations were carried out to explore the effect of tempertaure on volatile compounds of Laminaria japonica.Flavor of Laminaria japonica in fresh and at 100,115,135,150 ℃,was distinguished from each other,using electronic nose.Headspace solid- phase microextraction( HS- SPME) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry( GC-MS) were adopted to determine the composition of volatilecompounds of Laminaria japonica in fresh and at100,150 ℃.It showed that electronic nose was rapid and sensitive enough to make a qualitative analysis on volatile compounds.It could be known from GC- MS analysis that totally 30,43 and 64 volatile compounds were detected from fresh,100 ℃ and 150 ℃ heating kelp. These compounds mainly include some hydrocarbon compounds,aldehyde compounds,alcohols and ketones compounds. The synergy of them constitutes the special flavor of seaweed.Hexanal,caprylic aldehyde,nonyl aldehyde,anti-2- octene aldehyde and 1- octene-3- alcohol were the main volatile flavor of fresh seaweed. After 100 ℃ heating of kelp in the formation of flavor were mainly pentadecane,hexanal,octyl aldehyde,anti- 2- octene aldehyde,nonyl aldehyde,decanal,anti- 2- heptene aldehyde and 2,4- sebacic olefine aldehyde and 2-amyl aldehyde material such as combination of furan.After 150 ℃heating besides nonyl aldehyde and 2,4- nonyl diene aldehyde,hexanal,octyl aldehyde and pentadecane,the8-17 ene,furfural,5- methyl furfural and other substances,which played a main role in the formation of its flavor.
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