古蔺牛皮茶主要生化成分分析及绿茶品质初探
Preliminary study on biochemical composition and green tea quality of Gu Lin kraft tea
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摘要: 根据植物学特征,将具代表性的四川古蔺牛皮茶茶树分为8种(ⅠⅧ)类型,测试了其茶鲜叶中主要生化成分含量,并对所制烘青绿茶品质进行评审。结果表明,古蔺牛皮茶鲜叶中生化成分含量较丰富,游离氨基酸总量为1.73%±0.02%4.96%±0.11%,茶多酚含量为19.04%±0.42%36.57%±0.57%,咖啡碱含量为3.28%±0.03%5.22%±0.04%,水浸出物含量为37.46%±0.09%47.79%±0.37%,儿茶素总量为(104.73±4.44)194.60±8.52mg/g。其中Ⅴ类的咖啡碱含量达5.22%±0.04%,为高咖啡碱材料,同时其茶多酚含量为36.57%±0.57%及EGCG含量为(82.80±1.05)mg,Ⅱ类游离氨基酸总量最高,为4.96%±0.11%为氨基酸含量较高的育种材料,可从中选育功能成分含量较高的茶树品种。结合主要生化成分含量、酚/氨值及儿茶素组分等可推论,Ⅴ类适制红茶,Ⅱ类类制绿茶品质最优。Abstract: According to the current resource status and the botanical charactenstic of Gu Lin kraft tea plants, the representative plants were selected and divided as eight types ( from Ⅰ to Ⅷ) . The major biochemical components were determined, and the quality of baked green tea was evaluated. Results show that:To different types of Gu Lin kraft tea are rich of biochemical compositions, free amino acids arranges at 1.73% ±0.02% 4.96% ±0.11%, polyphenol content arranges at 19.04% ±0.42% 36.57% ±0.57%, caffeine content arranges at3.28%±0.03%5.22%±0.04%, water extract content arranges at 37.46%±0.09%47.79%±0.37%, total catechins arranges at (104.73±4.44) (194.60±8.52) mg/g. V-Class is materials of high caffeine content for the caffeine content of 5.22%±0.04%, it was higher that its tea polyphenol content was 36.57% ±0.57% and EGCG content was (82.80±1.05) mg, the amino acid of Ⅱ class was 4.96%±0.11% for high amino acid of breeding material, they could be used in the breeding of specific functional ingredients of tea varieties. It could be deduced thatⅤ-Class was appropriate system of black tea and Ⅱ-Class was suitable for green tea according to the contents of major biochemical components and polyphenol/amino acids ratio and catechin components etc.