Abstract: In order to explore the differences of nutrition, active components and antioxidant activity in the fruiting bodies of different Phellinus igniarius, this study compared the nutritional and active ingredient contents of five species of Phellinus igniarius as well as their antioxidant activity of polysaccharides for the sake of obtaining high quality Phellinus igniarius fruiting bodies. The target Phellinus igniarius was identified by rDNA ITS sequence analysis and the antioxidant activity of its polysaccharide was determined. The properties of polysaccharides were analyzed by ultraviolet spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectrum and high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that significant differences in the nutrition, active ingredient content and polysaccharide antioxidant activity of different species were observed. The contents of crude fiber, crude protein, polysaccharide, total phenol, total flavone and total triterpene in S-4 were relatively high, while the contents of crude fat and ash were relatively low. S-4 polysaccharides demonstrated excellent DPPH radical, ABTS⁺ radical and \rmO_2^- radical scavenging ability, and the half-inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) were 35.07, 12.87 and 91.34 μg/mL, respectively. The scavenging ability of S-4 polysaccharides against ABTS⁺ radical was equivalent to that of ascorbic acid. S-4 was used as the target Phellinus igniarius, and was identified as Sanghuangporus vaninii. Ultraviolet, infrared spectrum and monosaccharide composition analysis showed that S-4 polysaccharides had typical polysaccharide characteristic absorption peak, which was composed of glucose, galactose, fucose, glucuronic acid, ribose and mannose, containing β-glycoside bond and furan ring. The S-4 was relatively rich in nutrients and active ingredients, and its polysaccharides had good antioxidant capacity, which would provide a reference for the screening of excellent Phellinus igniarius fruiting bodies and the development and utilization of polysaccharides.