Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, recurrent, and refractory inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration and damage to the intestinal mucosa, with a certain risk of cancer. A large number of studies have shown that dietary fiber, as a prebiotic, has significant effects in improving intestinal flora structure, strengthening intestinal barrier function, alleviating intestinal inflammation and other aspects, with multiple nutritional and health functions, showing great potential in the intervention of IBD, but the mechanism of action remains unclear. In addition, DFs can be classified into soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) according to their water solubility, which have different characteristics and effects on IBD. Therefore, this paper reviews the basic principles, existing evidence and mechanism of SDF and IDF in the prevention and treatment of IBD, and comprehensively analyzes DFs intervention strategies for IBD, so as to provide reference for further research, development and application of DFs.