Abstract: In order to optimize the extraction conditions of anthocyanins from Rosa davurica Pall. and investigate its antioxidant activity, single-factor experiment, Placket-Bumrman design, Box-Behnken analysis associated with ultrasonic extraction method were adopted. The antioxidant activity of anthocyanins from Rosa davurica Pall. were investigated by various methods, such as removal DPPH radical, \rmO_2^-\cdot radical, ABTS⁺ racial. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: Solid-liquid ratio was 1:15 g·mL⁻¹, ultrasonic temperature was 50 ℃, ethanol volume was 60%, ultrasonic time was 30 min, pH was 2, and extraction times was 2. The content anthocyanins of Rosa davurica Pall. was 185.033 mg·100 g⁻¹. The antioxidant activity was measured with IC₅₀ and the results showed that the removal ability to DPPH free radical, superoxide anion free radical, ABTS⁺ free racial of the anthocyanins was 2.299, 1.902, 8.993 mg·mL⁻¹, respectively. The technology in the current study was easy and feasible. The content of anthocyanins was considerable. Furthermore, it showed that the anthocyanins had certain antioxidant activity in various antioxidant experiments.