Abstract: Fluorescent nanomaterials mainly include fluorescent carbon nanomaterials, fluorescent metal nanomaterials, multifunctional composite nanomaterials and metal frames. The materials not only have unique fluorescence intensity and high photostability, but also have unique quantum effect, small size and other properties of nanomaterials. In recent years, due to its high stability, low cost, easy preparation and other characteristics, it has gradually become the preferred material for mimic enzyme, which has brought new development opportunities for food, medical and biochemical fields. In this paper, the application of fluorescent nanomaterials as mimetic enzymes in biochemical analysis in recent years and the latest research progress are briefly summarized, and the future challenges and prospects of fluorescent nanomaterials as mimetic enzymes are prospected.