Abstract: Sea buckthorn is a deciduous shrub with strong vitality, which belongs to the plant with homology of medicine and food. According to previous studies, sea buckthorn has a large amount of protein in its leaves and seeds, which belongs to high-quality plant protein resources. Peptides can be obtained from sea buckthorn protein or raw materials through a series of operations such as enzymatic hydrolysis, electrolysis, acid-base catalysis and so on. This paper summarizes the existing literature and data to compare the principles and characteristics of different extraction methods of sea buckthorn protein and polypeptide, analyzes the amino acid composition and molecular weight of protein and polypeptide, and introduces their hypoglycemic, antioxidant, sobering and anti-inflammatory activities. Although sea buckthorn protein and polypeptide have many kinds of activities, the application of compound method to prepare protein and polypeptide is less, and the research of structure and activity is not deep enough. It's necessary to strengthen the research from above aspects to promote the development and utilization of sea buckthorn protein resources.