Abstract: In order to explore the effects of growth environment on the bacterial community diversity of Procambarus clarkia, we used Illumina miseq sequencing technology to sequence the tail meat of Procambarus clarkii, the culture water and the soil around the culture environment, and analyzed the correlation between the meat and the growth environment of Procambarus clarkii. The results showed that the diversity of Proteobacteria, Bacteria and Proteobacteria were higher than that of Proteobacteria and Bacteria in water. The average relative abundance of Deta Proteobacteria and Delta Proteobacteria were higher in crayfish tail meat, soil and water, but there was no common dominant flora at the family and genus level. The results of PICRUSt2 metabolic function prediction showed that the metabolic pathway abundance of three groups of samples was the highest in aerobic respiration (I), fatty acid synthesis (fat acid synthesis), amino acid biosynthesis (amino acid synthesis) and nucleoside sugar metabolism pathway (nucleotide sugar metabolism). The results of the study further explained the correlation and difference between the growth environment and the microbial community structure of Procambarus clarkia.