Abstract: Milk and dairy products are one of the indispensable foods for human beings. The harmful substances such as agricultural and veterinary drug residues, mycotoxins, illegally added substances and other pollutants pose a serious threat to consumers' health and safety, and also hinder the development of the dairy industry. Surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS) as an emerging detection method is expected to meet the current high-throughput and high-sensitivity detection needs of milk and dairy products. This article mainly summarizes the research progress of SERS method in milk detection, including the preparation of metal nano-detection probes and SERS solid-phase platform, the application of molecular recognition technologies such as antibodies and aptamers, the combination of nucleic acid amplification technology and microfluidic technology with SERS. Finally, the research and development direction and application prospects of SERS in dairy products are summarized and prospected.