Abstract: Maturity, as an essential evaluation index of fruit quality, is closely related to the harvest, storage, processing, transportation, sales and other links of fruit, and is also one of the key factors affecting its output and quality. In this paper, the research status of fruit maturity detection using near-infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging technology in the recent ten years are reviewed. Starting from qualitative identification of fruit maturity and quantitative prediction of maturity parameters, the effects of spectral instrument working band, spectral acquisition mode, spectral sampling area, maturity characterization factor, single maturity parameter, and multiple maturity index on the accuracy and stability of the final detection model were analyzed in detail. Finally, the development trend of near-infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging technology in fruit maturity detection has been prospected in order to provide a scientific basis and technical reference for related research work.