谷氨酸钠和抗坏血酸协同处理藜麦萌发富集γ-氨基丁酸工艺优化及胆酸盐吸附能力研究
Optimization of the Processes for γ-Aminobutyric Acid Enrichment in Germinated Quinoa under Co-treatment of Sodium Glutamate and Ascorbic Acid and Its Cholate Adsorption Capacity
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摘要: 以青藜2号为原料,采用谷氨酸钠(monosodium glutamate,MSG)和抗坏血酸(ascorbic acid,ASA)协同处理藜麦萌发富集γ-氨基丁酸(γ-amniobutyric acid,GABA),探讨了浸泡和萌发因素对藜麦GABA含量的影响并优化了最佳富集工艺参数,并对萌发藜麦胆酸盐吸附能力进行了研究。结果表明:MSG和ASA浓度分别为2和6 mg/mL时有利于藜麦GABA含量的提高,以该浓度组合为基础通过正交试验优化的藜麦胁迫萌发富集GABA最佳培养条件为浸泡时间6 h、浸泡温度25 ℃、萌发时间48 h、萌发温度25 ℃,在此条件下GABA含量达到1.613 mg/g,分别为藜麦种子和对照组去离子水处理萌发藜麦GABA含量的3.07和2.26倍。胆酸盐吸附试验显示,萌发前后藜麦对牛磺胆酸盐和甘氨胆酸盐结合能力均较强,其中以藜麦原粉最高(177.68和179.53 mg/g),其次为去离子水萌发藜麦(150.25和163.12 mg/g)和胁迫萌发藜麦(125.17和144.92 mg/g),萌发处理后藜麦胆酸盐结合能力有下降趋势。本研究可为藜麦萌发研究及富GABA食品的开发提供一定的理论依据。Abstract: Monosodium glutamate(MSG)and ascorbic acid(ASA)were used as stresses to co-treat Qingli 2 quinoa for the germination of γ-amniobutyric acid(GABA). The effects of immersion and germination factors on GABA content in germinated quinoa were studied and the optimal enrichment parameters were obtained,furthermore,the cholate adsorption capacity of germinated quinoa was explored. Results showed that the MSG concentration of 2 mg/mL and ASA concentration of 6 mg/mL were beneficial to increase GABA content in germinated quinoa. Based on the orthogonal experiment,the optimal conditions for GABA enrichment under co-treatment of MSG and ASA were immersion time of 6 h,soaking temperature of 25 ℃,germination time of 48 h and germination temperature of 25 ℃,and the GABA content could be 1.613 mg/g under these conditions,which was 3.07 and 2.26 times of GABA content in quinoa seeds and control quinoa treated by deionized water,respectively.Cholate adsorption tests showed that the quinoa before and after germination had strong binding ability to taurocholate and glycocholate. Among them,the quinoa raw material was the highest(177.68 and 179.53 mg/g),followed by deionized water germinated quinoa(150.25 and 163.12 mg/g)and stressed conditions germinated quinoa(125.17 and 144.92 mg/g).Thus,the bile salt binding capacity of quinoa showed a downward trend after germination. This study provided a theoretical basis for the investigation of quinoa germination and the development of GABA riched functional foods.