Abstract: In this study,a new hybrid hazelnut variety Pingou hybrid hazel was used as experimental material to extract hazelnut oil with ultrasonic assisted anhydrous ethanol. On the basis of single factor test,the liquid to solid ratio,the extraction temperature and the extraction time were selected as the independent variables,and the extraction rate of the hazelnut oil was the response value. The experimental conditions were optimized by the quadratic regression rotary design. The composition of the fatty acid in the hazelnut oil was analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that the extraction rate of hazelnut powder was 58.99% with anhydrous ethanol as the solvent,hazelnut powder through 20 mesh sieve,the ratio of liquid to solid was 17:1 mL/g,the extraction temperature was 66℃,and the extraction time was 64 min. GC analysis of the fatty acid composition showed that,the fatty acids of hazelnut oil were mainly unsaturated fatty acids,accounting for more than 96% of the total fatty acids,especially oleic acid,which was as high as 82.59%,and linoleic acid was 12.58%.Ultrasonic assisted extraction of hazelnut oil is an effective method for extracting hazelnut oil,which has practical application value.