Abstract: Mediterranean diet as one of the healthiest dietary patterns has played a good role in improving the various chronic diseases that plague human health for a long while,but the relevant mechanisms of MD are not yet fully clarified. This article summarizes the characteristic food composition in MD,reviewed the application of MD in improving cardiovascular diseases and its metabolic syndrome,neurodegenerative diseases,cancer and other chronic diseases. It explored the research progress of MD at home and abroad,so as to provide a basis for further application and better popularization of MD.