Abstract: Peony seed contains abundant lipid,protein,carbohydrates and other nutrients,especially has a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids,and contains a lot of low poly stilbene,monoterpene glycoside,paeoniflorin,terpenoids,polysaccharides and other active substances,with good nutrition,antibacterial,antioxidant,anti-cancer effect and so on. In this paper,the nutritive and functional active components and their analytical methods,chemical purification methods and functional activities of active substances in peony seeds are summarized,and the status quo of studies on nutritive and functional components and industrial development of peony seeds are analyzed,so as to provide references for further studies on resource utilization and industrial development of peony seeds.