Abstract: Mycotoxin,a secondary metabolite produced by different molds,is one of the major threats to human health. The contamination of mycotoxin in food has become one of the main food safety problems,so it is very important to develop a simple,rapid and sensitive method for the detection of mycotoxins in foods. Nucleic acid aptamer,single chain oligonucleotide sequences,is widely used in the detection of proteins,mycotoxins and agricultural veterinary drugs to identify the targets in vitro,because of their advantages such as easy synthesis,easy labeling,easy modification,high sensitivity,high specificity and small molecular weight. The review summarized the limitations and hazards of mycotoxins in food and the research progress on nucleic acid aptamer screening assay for detection of mycotoxins in food.