Abstract: The types of fatty acids in Camellia oleifera seed oil are summarized in this paper. The varieties(strains),origin and climate,picking time and method and industrial oil making technology are analysed which affect fatty acid contents. The analysis and detection of fatty acids in Camellia oleifera seed oil are reviewed. The methods for the identification of Camellia oleifera seed oil by fatty acid are summarized,and the advances in the study of fatty acid molecular biology are summarized. The analyzed results showes that the rapid detection tool and method of hand-held and commercialized are the hot research direction for the detection and analysis of fatty acids in Camellia oleifera seed oil. And molecular biology of unsaturated fatty acids are the difficult and important point in the study of fatty acids in Camellia oleifera seed oil.This would provide reference for further study of fatty acids in Camellia oleifera seed oil.