Abstract: Based on the current research status of tilapia fish scale collagen, this paper compares its composition, structure, extraction method, performance and application, and finds that the amount of collagen protein obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis is optimal, but the cost is high. The extraction method combines the efficiency of collagen production and is the main development direction in the future. At the same time, tilapia fish scale collagen is widely used in medicine, food, cosmetics and environment. In the future, it can focus on allergen problems and hemostasis.