捕捞月份对南极磷虾营养成分的影响
Effects of Fishing Months on Nutrients of Antarctic Krill
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摘要: 为了研究南极磷虾营养成分随月份的变化,以2016年3~8月份在南极48.1区捕捞的南极磷虾为材料,测定其水分、蛋白质、脂肪和灰分等基本营养成分含量,利用氨基酸分析仪测定其氨基酸种类和含量,并对其进行评分,利用气相色谱仪测定其脂肪酸含量,系统地分析评价了南极磷虾的营养价值,为南极磷虾的加工与利用提供参考。结果表明:南极磷虾蛋白质含量范围为13.07%~15.15%,脂肪含量范围为1.13%~4.36%,两者随着月份有相同的变化趋势,并在4月份达到最高。氨基酸分析结果表明,其总氨基酸含量(T)范围为99.83~151.33 mg/g,必需氨基酸含量(E)范围为41.63~64.66 mg/g,六个月份中E/T和E/N值(N表示非必需氨基酸总量)均高于FAO/WHO提出的理想蛋白质条件,但4~6月份T和E值为最高。各月份南极磷虾必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)均接近1,比例均衡,其中缬氨酸为限制性氨基酸。南极磷虾中共检出29种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸有19种,占脂肪酸总量的60%以上,以C16:1、C18:1n9c、EPA和DHA为主,饱和脂肪酸总量(SFA)从3~8月份呈逐渐增加的趋势,增幅为2.34%;ω-3/ω-6值在2.96~4.37,比例合适。综合分析,4~6月份的南极磷虾营养价值更高,可选择此阶段对南极磷虾进行捕捞。Abstract: In order to study the change in nutrient composition of Antarctic krill with the month,the Antarctic krill harvested in the Antarctic 48.1 area from March to August 2016 was used as the material to determine the contents of basic nutrients such as water,protein,fat and ash. Amino acid content was determined by amino acid analyzer,and the fatty acid content was measured by gas chromatograph. The nutritional value of Antarctic krill was analyzed and evaluated systematically of to provide reference for the processing and utilization of Antarctic krill. The results showed that:protein content Antarctic krill ranged from 13.07% to 15.15%,and fat content ranged from 1.13% to 4.36%,both showed the same trend with the month,and reached the highest in April. Amino acid analysis results showed that,the total amino acid content(T)ranged from 99.83 to 151.33 mg/g and the essential amino acid content(E)ranged from 41.63 to 64.66 mg/g. E/T and E/N values(N represents the total amount of non-essential amino acids)were higher than the ideal protein conditions proposed by FAO/WHO,and the T and E values in April-June were the highest. In each month,the EAAI of the Antarctic krill was close to 1,and the proportion was balanced. Proline was the limiting amino acid. 29 kinds of fatty acids,19 kinds of unsaturated fatty acids were detected in Antartic kill,accounting for more than 60% of the total fatty acids,mainly including C16:1,C18:1n9c,EPA and DHA,total saturated fatty acids(SFA)content from March to August showed a gradually increasing trend with an increase of 2.34%;the value of ω-3/ω-6 was between 2.96 and 4.37,and the ratio was appropriate. In a comprehensive analysis,the nutritional value of Antarctic krill from April to June was even higher. This stage could be used to harvest Antarctic krill.