Abstract: Peanuts is one of the most common allergens,and can cause severe allergic reactions. Due to the lack of clear treatment of peanut allergy,patients only by avoid eating food containing peanuts. In the actual production process,food processing often need to go through a complex production process,which would cause cross-contamination between foods. It is difficult to accurately determine whether some foods contain peanut allergens or not. So,the development of peanut allergen detection methods is particularly important. In this paper,the development of major peanut allergens and its detection methods were summarized,such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),western blotting,polymerase chain reaction(PCR),new biological sensor and mass spectrometry,and its respective advantages and disadvantages were summarized and the application of this technology was prospected.