Abstract: Multilocus sequence typing(MLST)was used to type Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from traditional fermented dairy products in the Tibet and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions based on seven housekeeping genes. DnaSP,START,eBURST,MEGA,STURCTURE and SplitsTree were performed to infer the population structure and genetic evolution of these strains. The results showed high genetic diversity in 61 isolates.27 sequence types(STs)were identified,20 of which were assigned to single isolate,and six clonal complexes(CCs)and six singletons were formed. The phylogenetic analysis was indicative of four clusters lineages. Split decomposition analysis revealed that recombination contributed to genetic evolution. This study provided a theoretical basis for typing strains and inferring population structure and genetic evolution.