Abstract: In order to improve the utilization rate of Trichiurus lepturus bone, the fishbone was taken as material and prepared into porous hydroxyapatite to increase the added value of hairtail bone. The fishbone was treated by meat removal and wa scrushed, then calcined at high temperature. The single factor experiment was carried out on the mesh, temperature and time, respectively, and the optimum preparation process was determined by measuring the specific surface area. The porous hydroxyapatite was characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy, and its adsorption properties on diesel oil were investigated. The results showed that, the optimum process was as follows:The calcined temperature 800℃, the calcined time 4 h and the mesh 500. After calcination, the pore size of fishbone was loose, its specific surface area was increased to 463.63 m²·g^-1, and the average pore size distribution was between 1.1~9.5 nm, which belonged to mesoporous material.Its structure was mainly hexagonal crystal structure. The adsorption kinetics experiments showed that the porous hydroxyapatite had good adsorption performance on diesel oil. The adsorption process was in accordance with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption capacity was 69.93 mg·g^-1 and the initial adsorption rate was 38.656 mg·(g·min^-1) ^-1.