Abstract: Hemp seed oil has been used as an edible and medical product for many years, it mainly contains unsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, chlorophylls, phytosterols and polyphenols, and it has effects of antioxidant, anti-aging, antilipidemic, improving memory.The research of chemical composition, pharmacological functions, toxicological safety of hemp seed oil are reviewed in this paper, providing a theoretical basis for development of hemp seed oil health foods.