Abstract: To determine the polymorphism of countercurrent extraction conditions based on the optimum extraction parameters of single tank Hericium polysaccharide with orthogonal experiment. To determine the optimum purification method through separating and identifying the interfering substance of hericium by the use of gel chromatography. The results showed that an extraction process was assembled by three tanks in continuous dynamic countercurrent mode and Hericium erinaceus materials were treated under the conditions of 1∶ 15 of solid-liquid ratio, and 50 ℃ for 2 hours and then the extraction was enhanced by ultrasonic at 400 W for 25 minutes. The results showed that polysaccharide extraction rate reached about 13.37%. After 75%ethanol precipitation, the content of polysaccharide was 66.48%. Gel chromatography showed that using 33%, 50% ethanol to pretreat crude extract of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide combined with alkaline copper reagent could effectively purify product of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide.Compared to the traditional method of single tank extraction, the extraction rate of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide was increased by more than 50%, and extraction time and used solvent were decreased by about 30% and 40% respectively.