Abstract: Objective: To determine the optimal extraction technology of polyphenols from Aronia melanocarpa,and to determine its antioxidant activity.Methods: By using the ultrasonic assisted extraction to carry out single- factor experiment of ethanol concentration,liquid ratio,extraction temperature and extraction time,based on the experimental results obtained,RSM( Response Surface Methodology) was used to optimize the process conditions.By determining the scavenging rate of DPPH,ABTS and superoxide anion free radical,its antioxidant activity of polyphenols was evaluated. Results: The optimal conditions of extracting polyphenols from Aronia melanocarpa were the raw material with a 44- fold volume of 55% ethanol,extraction temperature 45 ℃,extraction time,90 min.The scavenging effect of polyphenols of Aronia melanocarpa on DPPH,ABTS and superoxide anion was strong,and the scavenging capital was positively related to the mass concentration of polyphenols.Conclusion: The amount of extracted polyphenols of Aronia melanocarpa was up to 19.549 mg / g under the optimal conditions,and the polyphenols had strong antioxidant capacity.