Abstract: The microbial samples from alkaline sludge of retting waste water ( p H9.35) which were riched in cellulose and hemicelluloses were collected. DNA was isolated and 16 S r RNA genes were amplified. The bacterias in the alkaline anaerobic sludge contained 13 OTUs belong to Proteobacteria, Firmicute and Bacteriodetes. The most abundant bacterias were Sulfuropirillum alkalitolerans and Shewanella hafniensis. The archaeas in the alkaline anaerobic sludge contained 3 OTUs belong to Euryarchaeota.The most abundant one was Methanosarcina mazei.Fosmid library was constructed and macromolecular organics hydrolysis activities include cellulose, hemicelluloses, starch, protein and lipid hydrolyze activities were screened. After two runs of screening, 36 clones contain amylase, 4 clones with cellulose hydrolysis activity, 4 clones contain proteinase and 9 clones contain lipase were obtained.It is very helpful to further exploit and use these gene resources and enzymes in food industry from this alkaline envioronment.