Abstract: The essential oil of leaves from Curcuma phaeocaulis variety were analyzed by GC/MS,and the relative contents of constituents were detemined. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated by four methods about 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity,ABTS radical scavenging activity,lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid inhibition and against the peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in egg yolk. The antimicrobial activity was analyzed by agar diffusion method. The results showed that:Curcuma phaeocaulis stem identified 31 components in leaves, identified 36 compounds in fresh leaves, respectively accounted for 83.05% and 82.29% of total area of the peak,and the main compounds of the essential oil were monoterpene alkenes and triterpenoid,also spirits,microscale aldehyde,ketone and alkane were included.Antimicrobial activity of Myrica rubra leaf essential oils was observed against Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,Salmonella and Escherichia coli,and the inhibition increased with concentration of essential oil increase.