Abstract: Using the peony seed oil of CO2extraction under the condition of supercritical as raw material, taking the POV and TBA value as evaluation index, then studying the effects of temperature, light, air and antioxidants on the oxidative stability of peony seed oil, the results showed that the POV of peony seed oil were affected by temperature and light and air. Under the concentration of 0.02%, the anti-oxidation ability of anti-oxidants in the peony seed oil listed descending as TBHQ>tea polyphenols>DMY>rosemary>VE. In addition VE accelerated the oxidation of the peony seed oil. The shelf time of the oil could be prolonged from 42 days to 235 days in20℃ by addition of 0.02% TBHQ.