Abstract: Peanut allergy as one of the important public health and food safety issues has posed a serious threat to the healthy of allergic population.Peanut allergy is mainly influenced by the models of the major peanut allergens component (content and composition) and individual immune response.Different peanut cultivars have various allergen component models, while diverse processing strategies could alter the content or structure of peanut allergens, resulting in effecting peanut allergenicity in varying degrees.Moreover, immune tolerance to peanut is individuals dependent because of different genetic and environment background.The comprehensive analysis of major factors effect on the peanut allergenicity would help to present some insights for set up some approaches to reduce or eliminate peanut allergy.