南极磷虾脂质提取方法的比较
Comparisons of the Antarctic krill lipid extraction methods
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摘要: 实验分别比较了氯仿甲醇、正己烷和95%乙醇三种不同溶剂以及超临界CO2提取的南极磷虾脂质成分差异,为南极磷虾脂质的研究提供一定基础。结果表明,氯仿甲醇提取的脂质得率最高,为19.21%±0.59%。正己烷提取的得率最低,仅为14.24%±0.38%,甘油三酯和胆固醇含量最高,分别为46.98%±1.00%和3.68%±0.30%,但对极性脂的提取效果不理想,磷脂含量仅为19.20%±3.45%。95%乙醇提取的脂质磷脂含量35.59%±2.69%,不饱和脂肪酸中EPA和DHA含量是最高的,占总脂肪酸含量的41.13%,且95%乙醇安全性高,价格低廉,适合大规模工业化生产,可以作进一步的探讨。超临界CO2萃取技术作为脂质的一种温和提取手段,得到的脂质基本成分与氯仿甲醇近似,虽然安全性更高,但是超临界设备成本较高,不适于中小型企业工业化生产。Abstract: In order to provide certain base for the Antarctic krill lipid research the lipid difference of Antarctic krill by using chloroform methanol, 95% ethanol, hexane method and supercritical CO2 were discussed. The result showed that the content of lipid using chloroform methanol was the highest, about 19.21%±0.59%. The content of lipid using hexane was the lowest and its triglycerides and cholesterol content was about 46.98%±1.00% and 3.68%±0.30% respectively. But the extraction efficiency of polarity lipid using hexane was not ideal as it contained only 19.20%±3.45% phospholipids. The content of polarity lipid using 95% ethanol was relatively higher which included 35.59%±2.69% phospholipids, and the content of EPA and DHA was the highest which included 41.13% of the total lipids. And 95% ethanol method was more safety and cheaper, so it was suitable for large-scale industrialized production and could be further discussed. The lipid extracted by supercritical CO2 technology which was a mild methods for of lipid extraction was approximate with chloroform methanol. Supercritical CO2 extraction technology was more secure, but the high cost of supercritical equipment was not suitable for the industrial production of small and medium-sized enterprises.