Abstract: As an isothermal DNA amplification technology, the well-known RCA (rolling circle amplification) has gained wide attention for its simplicity and high efficiency. Generally, forming specifically the circular DNA through hybridizing to the target molecule is the key point to realize specific detection. RCA has been extensively applied to immunoassay, in situ detection, SNP investigation and microarray assay. This review would introduce the principle, technological development, applicable prospect and the present problems of RCA.