WANG Fengli, FANG Rui, QIN Liming, et al. A Review of the Effects of Cooking Methods on the Nutrition, Antioxidant Capacity and Color of Vegetables[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(2): 411−419. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2020110292.
Citation: WANG Fengli, FANG Rui, QIN Liming, et al. A Review of the Effects of Cooking Methods on the Nutrition, Antioxidant Capacity and Color of Vegetables[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(2): 411−419. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2020110292.

A Review of the Effects of Cooking Methods on the Nutrition, Antioxidant Capacity and Color of Vegetables

More Information
  • Received Date: November 29, 2020
  • Available Online: November 05, 2021
  • Cooking is a way of processing food materials to make food more delicious, better-looking and better-smelling. It not only makes people feel satisfied when eating, but also makes food nutrients more easily absorbed by the body. As a common edible ingredient, vegetables are indispensable whether in the home or restaurant. Vegetables are heated during the cooking process, so the nutrient composition and the color are changed. Compared with other cooking methods, steaming is a relatively healthy cooking method, which could retain more nutrients. In this paper, the effects of several cooking methods, such as steaming, boiling, microwaving, and stir-frying on various nutrients, antioxidant capacity and color in vegetables are investigated, in order to selectively provide reference for consumers to choose cooking methods.
  • [1]
    LINK L B, POTTER J D. Raw versus cooked vegetables and cancer risk[J]. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev,2004,13(9):1422−1435.
    [2]
    KAUR C, KAPOOR H C. Antioxidants in fruits and vegetables-the millennium’s health[J]. International Journal of Food Science & Technology,2001,36(7):703−725.
    [3]
    MAZZEO T, DRI D N, CHIAVARO E, et al. Effect of two cooking procedures on phytochemical compounds, total antioxidant capacity and colour of selected frozen vegetables[J]. Food Chemistry,2017,128(3):627−633.
    [4]
    GLISZCZYNSKA-SWIGLO A, CISKA E, PAWLAK-LEMANSKA K, et al. Changes in the content of health-promoting compounds and antioxidant activity of broccoli after domestic processing[J]. Food Additives and Contaminants,2006,23(11):1088−1098. doi: 10.1080/02652030600887594
    [5]
    SULTANA B, ANWAR F, IQBAL S. Effect of different cooking methods on the antioxidant activity of some vegetables from Pakistan[J]. International Journal of Food Science & Technology,2008,43(3):560−567.
    [6]
    MIGLIO C, CHIAVARO E, VISCONTI A, et al. Effects of different cooking methods on nutritional and physicochemical characteristics of selected vegetables[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2008,56(1):139−147. doi: 10.1021/jf072304b
    [7]
    TURKMEN N, SARI F, VELIOGLU Y S. The effect of cooking methods on total phenolics and antioxidant activity of selected green vegetables[J]. Food Chemistry,2004,93(4):713−718.
    [8]
    ROY M K, JUNEJA L R, ISOBE S, et al. Steam processed broccoli (Brassica oleracea) has higher antioxidant activity in chemical and cellular assay systems[J]. Food Chemistry,2008,114(1):263−269.
    [9]
    PELLEGRINI N, CHIAVARO E, GARDANA C. Effect of different cooking methods on color, phytochemical concentration, and antioxidant capacity of raw and frozen brassica vegetables[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2010,58(7):4310−4321. doi: 10.1021/jf904306r
    [10]
    TURKMEN N, POYRAZOGLU E S, SARI F, et al. Effects of cooking methods on chlorophylls, pheophytins and colour of selected green vegetables[J]. International Journal of Food Science & Technology,2006,41(3):281−288.
    [11]
    SOMSUB W, KONGKACHUICHAI R, SUNGPUAG P, et al. Effects of three conventional cooking methods on vitamin C, tannin, myo-inositol phosphates contents in selected Thai vegetables[J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis,2017,21(2):187−197.
    [12]
    PACIULLI M, DALL'ASTA C, RINALDI M, et al. Application and optimisation of air-steam cooking on selected vegetables: Impact on physical and antioxidant properties[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2018, 98(6): 2267-2276.
    [13]
    LAFARGA T, VIÑAS I, BOBO G, et al. Effect of steaming and sous vide processing on the total phenolic content, vitamin C and antioxidant potential of the genus Brassica[J]. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies,2018:47.
    [14]
    BUREAU S, MOUHOUBI S, TOULOUMET L, et al. Are folates, carotenoids and vitamin C affected by cooking? Four domestic procedures are compared on a large diversity of frozen vegetables[J]. LWT-Food Science and Technology,2015,64(2):735−741.
    [15]
    LÓPEZ-GARCÍA, BAEZA-JIMÉNEZ, GARCIA-GALINDO, et al. Cooking treatments effect on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of quintonil (Amaranthus hybridus) harvested in spring and fall seasons[J]. CyTA-Journal of Food, 2018, 16(1):707-717.
    [16]
    TIAN J, CHEN J, LV F, et al. Domestic cooking methods affect the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of purple-fleshed potatoes[J]. Food Chemistry,2016,197:1264−1270.
    [17]
    HUNTER K J, FLETCHER J M. The antioxidant activity and composition of fresh, frozen, jarred and canned vegetables[J]. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies,2018,3(4):399−406.
    [18]
    ZHANG J, JI R, HU Y, et al. Effect of three cooking methods on nutrient components and antioxidant capacities of bamboo shoot ( Phyllostachys praecox C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao)[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B,2011,9(12):69−76.
    [19]
    LEE S, CHOI Y, JEONG H S, et al. Effect of different cooking methods on the content of vitamins and true retention in selected vegetables[J]. Food Science and Biotechnology, 2018, 27(2): 333–342.
    [20]
    PODSĘDEK A, SOSNOWSKA D, REDZYNIA M, et al. Effect of domestic cooking on the red cabbage hydrophilic antioxidants[J]. International Journal of Food Science & Technology,2018,43(10):1770−1777.
    [21]
    潘妍, 贾红亮, 林少华, 等. 常见生食蔬菜营养卫生指标分析[J]. 中国果菜,2018,38(3):26−29. [PAN Y, JIA H L, LIN S H, et al. Analysis of nutritional and health ingredients of common salad vegetables[J]. China Fruit & Vegetable,2018,38(3):26−29.
    [22]
    WANG X, QIN X, DEMIRTAS H, et al. Efficacy of folic acid supplementation in stroke prevention: A meta-analysis[J]. Lancet,2007,369(9576):1876−1882. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60854-X
    [23]
    SNOWDON D A, TULLY C L, SMITH C D, et al. Serum folate and the severity of atrophy of the neocortex in Alzheimer disease: Findings from the Nun Study[J]. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2000,71(4):993. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/71.4.993
    [24]
    SCOTT J, RÉBEILLÉ F, FLETCHER J. Folic acid and folates: The feasibility for nutritional enhancement in plant foods[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2016, 80(7):795-804.
    [25]
    DELCHIER N, REICH M, RENARD C. Impact of cooking methods on folates, ascorbic acid and lutein in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and spinach (Spinacea oleracea)[J]. LWT - Food Science and Technology,2017,49(2):197−201.
    [26]
    SELMAN J D. Vitamin retention during blanching of vegetables[J]. Food Chemistry,1994,49(2):137−147. doi: 10.1016/0308-8146(94)90150-3
    [27]
    HOLASOVA M V U P P, FIEDLEROVA V V U P P, VAVREINOVA S V U P P. Determination of folates in vegetables and their retention during boiling[J]. Czech Journal of Food Sciences,2008,26(1):31−37.
    [28]
    HOPPNER K, LAMPI B. Folate retention in dried legumes after different methods of meal preparation[J]. Elsevier,1993,26(1):45−48.
    [29]
    CMD L, MOTA E R D S, MONTINI T A, et al. Folates retention in brassica vegetables consumed in Brazil after different cooking methods[J]. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion,2014,64(1):59−68.
    [30]
    LOH S, SCHLICH E. Impact of different cooking methods on food quality: Retention of lipophilic vitamins in fresh and frozen vegetables[C]// CIGR International Conference, 2004.
    [31]
    FRANTIŠEK, KREPS, ZUZANA, et al. Degradation of fatty acids and tocopherols to form tocopheryl quinone as risk factor during microwave heating, pan-frying and deep-fat frying[J]. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2017, 119(5): 1600309.
    [32]
    CRUZ R, CASAL S. Validation of a fast and accurate chromatographic method for detailed quantification of vitamin E in green leafy vegetables[J]. Food Chemistry,2013,141(2):1175−1180. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.099
    [33]
    KNECHT K, SANDFUCHS K, KULLING S E, et al. Tocopherol and tocotrienol analysis in raw and cooked vegetables: A validated method with emphasis on sample preparation[J]. Food Chemistry,2015,169:20−27. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.099
    [34]
    CHOI Y, LEE S M, CHUN J, et al. Influence of heat treatment on the antioxidant activities and polyphenolic compounds of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mushroom[J]. Food Chemistry,2016,99(2):45−48.
    [35]
    FRANTIŠEK K, LENKA V, ŠTEFAN S, et al. Chemical changes in microwave heated vegetable oils[J]. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology,2017,116(12):1685−1693.
    [36]
    MANNA P, KALITA J. Beneficial role of vitamin K supplementation on insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, and the reduced risk of type 2 diabetes: A review[J]. Nutrition,2016,32(7-8):732−739. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.01.011
    [37]
    LEE S, CHOI Y, JEONG H S, et al. Effect of different cooking methods on the content of vitamins and true retention in selected vegetables[J]. Food Science and Biotechnology, 2017, 32(7): 333-342.
    [38]
    NZAMWITA M, DUODU K G, MINNAAR A. Stability of β-carotene during baking of orange-fleshed sweet potato-wheat composite bread and estimated contribution to vitamin A requirements[J]. Food Chemistry,2017,228(Aug.1):85−90.
    [39]
    AHMED F A, ALI R F M, DE MEJIA E G. Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of fresh and processed white cauliflower[J]. Biomed Research International,2013:2013.
    [40]
    MARTÍNEZ-HERNÁNDEZ G B, ARTÉS-HERNÁNDEZ F, GÓMEZ P A, et al. Quality changes after vacuum-based and conventional industrial cooking of kailan-hybrid broccoli throughout retail cold storage[J]. LWT-Food Science and Technology,2013,50(2):707−714. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.07.014
    [41]
    HELENA M P, PAULO S, SEBASTIÃO C C B, et al. Carotenoid retention and vitamin A value in carrot (Daucus carota L.) prepared by food service[J]. Food Chemistry,1998,61(1):145−151.
    [42]
    ROBERT A, ANDEAS S, REINHOLD C. Effects of heating and illumination on transcis isomerization and degradation of β-carotene and lutein in isolated spinach chloroplasts[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2005,53(24):9512−9518. doi: 10.1021/jf050926w
    [43]
    VALLEJO F, TOMÁS-BARBERÁN F, GARCÍA-VIGUERA C. Glucosinolates and vitamin C content in edible parts of broccoli florets after domestic cooking[J]. European Food Research and Technology,2002,215(4):310−316. doi: 10.1007/s00217-002-0560-8
    [44]
    CIEŚLIK E, LESZCZYŃSKA T, FILIPIAK-FLORKIEWICZ A, et al. Effects of some technological processes on glucosinolate contents in cruciferous vegetables[J]. Food Chemistry, 2007, 105(3): 976-981.
    [45]
    PANDEY K B, RIZVI S I. Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease[J]. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity,2019,2(5):270−278.
    [46]
    BERNAERT N, DE LOOSE M, VAN BOCKSTAELE E, et al. Antioxidant changes during domestic food processing of the white shaft and green leaves of leek (Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum)[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2014,94(6):1168−1174. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6389
    [47]
    WU X, BEECHER G R, HOLDEN J M, et al. Lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacities of common foods in the United States[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2004,52(12):4026−4037. doi: 10.1021/jf049696w
    [48]
    RANILLA L G, KWON Y I, GENOVESE M I, et al. Effect of thermal treatment on phenolic compounds and functionality linked to type 2 diabetes and hypertension management of peruvian and Brazilian bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using in vitro methods[J]. Journal of Food Biochemistry. 2010, 34(2).
    [49]
    YAMAGUCHI T, KATSUDA M, ODA Y, et al. Influence of polyphenol and ascorbate oxidases during cooking process on the radical-scavenging activity of vegetables[J]. Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology,2016,9(1):79−83.
    [50]
    STEWART A J, BOZONNET S, MULLEN W, et al. Occurrence of flavonols in tomatoes and tomato-based products[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2000,48(7):2663. doi: 10.1021/jf000070p
    [51]
    戚浩彧, 陈洁, 杨俊, 等. 烹饪对蔬菜中营养物质的影响[J]. 食品工业,2017,38(8):281−286. [QI H Y, CHEN H, YANG J, et al. Effect of cooking on nutrients in vegetables[J]. The Food Industry,2017,38(8):281−286.
    [52]
    THAIPONG K, BOONPRAKOB U, CROSBY K, et al. Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays for estimating antioxidant activity from guava fruit extracts[J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis,2012,19(6-7):669−675.
    [53]
    GUNATHILAKE K D P P, RANAWEERA K K D S. Antioxidative properties of 34 green leafy vegetables[J]. Journal of Functional Foods,2016,26:176−186. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.07.015
    [54]
    GUNATHILAKE K D P P, RANAWEERA K K D S, RUPASINGHE H P V. Analysis of rutin, β-carotene, and lutein content and evaluation of antioxidant activities of six edible leaves on free radicals and reactive oxygen species[J]. Journal of Food Biochemistry,2018:e12579.
    [55]
    SEONG G U, HWANG I W, CHUNG S K. Antioxidant capacities and polyphenolics of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. Pekinensis) leaves[J]. Food Chemistry,2016,199:612−618. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.066
    [56]
    HWANG I G, SHIN Y J, LEE S, et al. Effects of different cooking methods on the antioxidant properties of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)[J]. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science,2019,17(4):286−292.
    [57]
    AI M C, LEE Y C, YAMAGUCHI T, et al. Effect of cooking on the antioxidant properties of coloured peppers[J]. Food Chemistry,2018,111(1):20−28.
    [58]
    KENNY O, O'BEIRNE D. The effects of washing treatment on antioxidant retention in ready-to-use iceberg lettuce[J]. International Journal of Food Science and Technology,2009,44(6):1146−1156.
    [59]
    BHORNCHAI H, BHALANG S, RATCHADA T, et al. Anthocyanin, phenolics and antioxidant activity changes in purple waxy corn as affected by traditional cooking[J]. Food Chemistry,2016,164:510−517.
    [60]
    MAYER-MIEBACH E, BEHSNILIAN D, REGIER M, et al. Thermal processing of carrots: Lycopene stability and isomerisation with regard to antioxidant potential[J]. Food Research International,2005,38(8):1103−1108.
    [61]
    BUNEA A, ANDJELKOVIC M, SOCACIU C, et al. Total and individual carotenoids and phenolic acids content in fresh, refrigerated and processed spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)[J]. Food Chemistry,2018,108(2):649−656.
    [62]
    GRANADO F, OLMEDILLA B, BLANCO I. Nutritional and clinical relevance of lutein in human health[J]. British Journal of Nutrition,2003,90(3):487−502. doi: 10.1079/BJN2003927
    [63]
    ALAM Z, PARVEEN N. Effects of high temperature frying of spinach leaves in sunflower oil on carotenoids, chlorophylls, and tocopherol composition[J]. Frontiers in Chemistry,2017:5.
    [64]
    CHEN K, ROCA M. Cooking effects on chlorophyll profile of the main edible seaweeds[J]. Food Chemistry,2018,266:368−347. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.040
    [65]
    REIS L C R D, DE OLIVEIRA V R, HAGEN M E K, et al. Carotenoids, flavonoids, chlorophylls, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in fresh and cooked broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Avenger) and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Alphina F1)[J]. LWT-Food Science and Technology,2015,63(1):177−183.
    [66]
    TENG S S, CHEN B H. Formation of pyrochlorophylls and their derivatives in spinach leaves during heating[J]. Food Chemistry,1999,65(3):367−373. doi: 10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00237-4
    [67]
    JIAN H, MONICA G M. Anthocyanins: Natural colorants with health-promoting properties[J]. Annual Review of Food Science and Technology,2010,1(1):163.
    [68]
    WU X, PRIOR R L. Identification and characterization of anthocyanins by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry in common foods in the United States: vegetables, nuts, and grains[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2005,53(8):3101−3113. doi: 10.1021/jf0478861
    [69]
    EICHHORN S, WINTERHALTER P. Anthocyanins from pigmented potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties[J]. Food Research International,2005,38(8):943−948.
    [70]
    KITA A, BĄKOWSKA-BARCZAK A, HAMOUZ K, et al. The effect of frying on anthocyanin stability and antioxidant activity of crisps from red- and purple-fleshed potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum L.)[J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis,2013,32(2):169−175. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2013.09.006
    [71]
    ZHANG D L, HAMAUZU Y. Phenolics, ascorbic acid, carotenoids and antioxidant activity of broccoli and their changes during conventional and microwave cooking[J]. Food Chemistry,2004,88(4):503−509.
  • Cited by

    Periodical cited type(5)

    1. 赵斌,李娣娣,袁源,韦婷. 发酵型功能酒的现代研究进展. 酿酒. 2025(02): 43-49 .
    2. 陈乙源,洪嘉欣,黄河,王硕,武亚帅,赵东瑞,孙金沅,黄明泉,孙啸涛. 基于GC×GC-MS分析不同等级浓香型白酒的关键风味化合物. 中国酿造. 2025(03): 29-35 .
    3. 舒翔,邱奇琦. 果酒降酸专利技术分析. 安徽农学通报. 2024(04): 97-101 .
    4. 廖娟,李嘉宇,黄杰惠,陈博慧,杨涛. 耐低温酵母的分离鉴定及对低温酿造米酒品质的影响. 食品工业科技. 2024(07): 159-166 . 本站查看
    5. 王爱灵,张梅,申娜娜,徐梦文,章骏伟,李瑞龙,兰伟. 黑果腺肋花楸果酒生产工艺研究进展. 滁州学院学报. 2024(02): 21-28 .

    Other cited types(0)

Catalog

    Article Metrics

    Article views (378) PDF downloads (56) Cited by(5)

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return