Optimization of Extraction Technologies of Different Parts of Gardenia jasminoides Oils by Response Surface Methodology and Their Fatty Acids Analysis

In this work,the ultrasonic extraction technologies of different parts of Gardenia jasminoides oils were investigated using petroleum as extraction solvent. Response surface methodology(RSM)design was employed to optimize the extraction technologies of the G. jasminoides pericarp and G. jasminoides pulp oils,and their fatty acids composition were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions for G. jasminoides pericarp were as follows:Extraction time 60 min,extraction power 320 W and the ratio of liquid to solid at 1∶13 g/mL,whereas the optimum extraction conditions for G. jasminoides pulp were as follows:Extraction time 58 min,extraction power 360 W and the ratio of liquid to solid at 1∶12 g/mL. Under these conditions,the fatty acid extraction yield was 2.36% and 22.60% for G. jasminoides pericarp and G. jasminoides pulp,respectively. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that obvious structure rupture occurred in the treated samples compared with the untreated samples,promoting the release of oil by breaking down the cell structures of G. jasminoides pericarp and G. jasminoides pulp respectively. GC-MS analysis showed that the total unsaturated fatty acids content in G. jasminoides pulp was up to 75.97%,wherein the dominate fatty acids were linoleic acid(52.70%)and oleic acid(21.90%),while the total unsaturated fatty acids content from G. jasminoides pericarp was determined as 69.22%,in which the main fatty acids were linoleic acid(44.80%)and oleic acid(13.55%),respectively. These results can provide the reference for further development and utilization of G. jasminoides fruit oil.