Analysis of the main active components in the fruit bodies and wastes of three different mushrooms

In this study, the major active components of the fruit bodies and wastes (leftover and mushroom bran) from three industrial cultivated mushrooms (Pleurotus eryngii, Hypsizygus marmoreus and Flammulina velutipes) were determined and compared, including water-soluble polysaccharides, β-glucan, trehalose, sugar alcohols and nucleosides. The results showed that the main components were similar in the fruit bodies and the corresponding wastes, but the contents of active components were different. Compared with other materials, Pleurotus eryngii fruit bodies possessed highest contents of water- soluble polysaccharides ( 7. 44 %) andβ- glucan ( 36. 93 %) . The content of β- glucan in Pleurotus eryngii leftovers also reached 22. 41 %, while Flammulina velutipes had the lowest contents of water-soluble polysaccharides and β-glucan. The fruit bodies and leftovers of Pleurotus eryngii were rich in trehalose with the contents of 40.36% and 19.04%, respectively, which were much higher than that of Hypsizygus marmoreus and Flammulina velutipes fruit bodies. Arabitol was found only in the materials of Flammulina velutipes. The arabitol contents in the fruit bodies and leftovers were 18.65% and 8.17%, respectively. Nucleosides analysis results indicated that all three fruit bodies were rich in the species of nucleosides components. The contents of most components in fruit bodies were highest.However, for cytidine and guanosine, their contents in the leftovers of Pleurotus eryngii and Hypsizygus marmoreus were much higher than those in the corresponding fruit bodies, which might be related to the metabolism of these components.