Abstract: As a kind of medicinal and edible plant, sea buckthorn is a high-quality source of flavonoids, and its main functional component is flavonoids. In this paper, the published literature is sorted out to compare and analyze the different extraction and purification methods, and structural detection methods of seabuckthorn flavonoids. In addition, the physiological metabolism of seabuckthorn flavonoids is summarized, and the mechanisms of action on various physiological functions such as anti-virus, anti-inflammatory, liver protection, obesity improvement and hypoglycemia are described from the perspective of regulating intestinal micro-ecology. Although seabuckthorn flavonoids have various physiological functions, the underlying mechanism between its low bioavailability and the physiological effects has not been fully elucidated. It is necessary to focus on the related research area for promoting the development, utilization, and deep processing of sea buckthorn.