Abstract: Spoilage caused by microorganisms during the food processing, storage and transportation process has been a worldwide problem in the field of food preservation.Due to the security risks can not be ignored caused by the use of chemical preservatives, the development of safe and efficient biological preservatives has gradually become the focal point.However, the single target and high-cost of biological preservative restricts its development. So how to combine different biological preservatives reasonably and achieve multi-target attack on the spoilage bacteria on the basis of reducing the intensity of single factor has attracted more and more concern.In this paper, the biological preservative with the target of cell wall, cell membrane, intracellular genetic material and outer membrane layer of gram negative bacteria were systematically reviewed. Their mode actions and applications in food preservation were summarized, and further studies in this area are also suggested.This work will provide a theoretical basis for the precise combination of biological preservatives.