Abstract: The harm of space radiation and the mechanism of anti-radiation drugs are summarized in the paper.Compared with the popular chemical drugs, natural medicines become increasingly recognized on their characters of low toxicity, diverse composition, various ways and multi-target.In order to discuss the treatment of such disease which causes by ground simulated space radiation, the importance of exploring the classification, physicochemical properties and anti-radiation function of edible traditional Chinese medicine should be emphasized, which can provide a basis for the study of anti-radiation drugs and promote the development of aerospace industry by protecting the health of astronauts.